China-India talks produce blueprint for greater cooperation By Swaran Singh
The author is a professor at the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and adjunct senior fellow at the Charhar Institute, Beijing
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The China-India Strategic and Economic Dialogue (SED) held in New Delhi, India on September 7-9 was the sixth meeting in nine years. When it was created in December 2010, during then Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's official visit to India, the agreement was that SED would meet annually and alternatively in New Delhi and Beijing.
根据得到的机构设计方案，结合实际使用需求对液压助力马桶装置进行实体设计以及三维图与装配图的绘制，如图7所示.
Though the slow progress is attributed to politics, the China-India equation has been recast after the informal meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province in central China, last year.
SED, led by India's planning commission NITI Aayog and China's National Development and Reform Commission, by virtue of comprising senior representatives from policymaking, industry and academic circles, has become an ideal platform for regularly sharing assessments on global macroeconomic and commercial trends and reviewing bilateral proposals for sector-specifi c action.
The working group on pharmaceuticals held its fi rst meeting in Beijing in May, where it proposed to build shared platforms for cooperation through exchanges, fairs and joint China-India pharmaceutical industry trainings. This can be transformative for the two countries' pharmaceutical industries.
Areas of collaboration
According to a press release issued after the meeting, the talks focused on policy coordination and assessing trade and investment climates to identify potential areas of collaboration, especially in financial technology and related technologies.
Today's advanced technologies offer vast potential for China-India collaboration, such as developing artificial intelligence (AI), hi-tech manufacturing and 5G mobile communication, where China has shown its expertise. The two sides agreed to establish a working group for technology to focus on technological innovation, the industrial situation today and ways to strengthen digital partnerships, data governance and related industry policy.
The press statement also said that the two sides have agreed to explore cooperation for promoting Indian generic drugs and Chinese active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). While India is the largest supplier of generic medicines, China accounts for the bulk of the world's APIs. According to India's official estimates for 2018-19, China accounted for over 67 percent of India's total imports of bulk drugs and drug intermediates that enabled India to be the world leader in generic medicines.
The last two decades have seen India launch smarter trains and rapid mass transit systems as higher economic growth whets the hunger for world-class infrastructure. India is developing nine high-speed rail corridors with the target of doubling the speed from the current 80 km per hour. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group has done the feasibility study for a nearly 340-km corridor in south India, running through three cities, Chennai, Bengaluru and Mysuru. Another corridor runs from capital New Delhi to Agra City, where the iconic Taj Mahal is located.
The working group on energy agreed on building partnerships in new and renewable energy and supporting power grids in thirdcountry markets, which reflects the growing mutual trust and confi dence.
在本工程中进行混凝土的拌和施工，一共配置了三台拌和楼及一台强制式搅拌机。在混凝土拌和过程中，应对投放的各种原材料进行检查以确保投放准确。为了有效地确保材料的合格性，在拌和过程中还应对各种原材料进行抽检，如果发现材料质量不满足要求，不得在拌和中进行应用。
Initiatives in the pharmaceutical sector will boost the professional expertise of the increasing number of Indian doctors being trained in China. Some of them may continue to practice or research with China's health industries, becoming health ambassadors for both China and India.
Second, India's cheap generic and critical care medicines have led to the subcontinent being dubbed the pharmacy of the world. However, it has also created intellectual property right (IPR) concerns among developed nations like the United States, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The latter two are pushing for stricter IPR enforcements in the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) treaty, the free trade agreement between the 10-member ASEAN countries and Australia, China, India, Japan, the ROK and New Zealand.
This would affect the marketing of India's cheaper medicines in the RCEP member countries, if not elsewhere as well. However, better China-India coordination will not only strengthen Indian pharmaceutical exports but also see China, the world's largest market, opening up further to Indian pharmaceuticals. This will provide Chinese consumers cheaper drugs and also help rectify the China-India trade defi cit.
Chinese companies are already a formidable presence in India's e-commerce, logistics and telephony sectors, like Alibaba Group with investment in Indian digital payment platform Paytm, and smartphone brand Xiaomi, which tops the sale of mobile phones in India. Once these partnerships go official, both sides will maximize their benefi ts.
The proposals at the sixth meeting came from SED's six working groups on infrastructure, energy, hi-tech, resource conservation, policy coordination and pharmaceuticals. In the future, there will be more working groups covering new areas.
Railway link
Another area that has seen concrete collaborative results is infrastructure, especially in railways. China is famous for its vast accident-free, highspeed rail network that today constitutes two thirds of the world's total high-speed rail and is building maglev trains based on magnetic levitation with a speed of 600 km per hour. India by comparison stands at the cusp of revamping its railway system.
An offi ce at an Internet company offi ce in the China-India Science and Technology International Innovation Park in Linyi City, east China's Shandong Province, on May 12, 2017
The working group on pharmaceuticals, set up only last year, holds special promise for two reasons. First, the last decade has seen China's world-class infrastructure and equipment plus low tuition fees make it a desired destination for Indian students pursuing studies in medicine. Nearly 15,000 students were studying medicine in China, and last year more students followed suit compared to Indian students' traditional destination, the UK.
The working group on hi-tech has proposed partnerships in policy, strategies and technologies like 5G, AI and the Internet of Things.
滤芯是一款净水器的关键，也是一款净水器核心竞争力的体现。在反渗透净水器产品中，很多厂家为了控制成本，净化滤芯往往选择国产或国产、进口混合式的滤芯搭配。
参照《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》中提出的周围神经病变诊断标准进行诊断，对比有无周围神经病变对象的心电图检查自主神经功能指标。同时将以上指标，与正中神经、尺神经运动神经传导速度（MCV）、感觉神经传导速度(SCV）进行相关性分析。
The energy conservation and environmental protection working group will explore cooperation in sectors like reducing coal-fired power plant emissions, sewage treatment, urban water supply and drainage, and flood prevention.
It also discussed cooperation in resource conservation through innovation and effective utilization of low-cost construction technologies and agreed to share information in areas like waste-to-power, co-processing of sewage sludge and storm-water management.
A new working group will be set up for resource conservation and environmental protection, exploring fl ood and erosion control methods and controlling air pollution.
写话是习作教学核心的部分，前面说词语、说句子、说语段已经为写话打下了基础，学生在写的过程中，就会得心应手。如在写话课《我喜欢的蔬菜》中，先采用观察体验、分层表达的形式，让孩子们通过用眼睛看、用手摸、用鼻子去闻、用嘴去尝、用脑去思考等活动，让学生将蔬菜的每一部分描写和叙述摘抄到习作本上，然后让学生通过画一画、贴一贴，这样再让学生提笔写话时，就不会因为不知怎么写或不知该用哪些词语而犯愁。有了之前的这一系列的铺垫，学生写作的热情被极大地点燃，最后整篇文章也就会一气呵成。这是上完《我喜欢的蔬菜》写话课后书写的片段：
企业在发展的过程当中，不管是管理会计还是财务会计，从性质上都是属于相关的会计专业，这两者之间无时无刻都是在相互补充、相互完善，只有加快融合管理会计与财务会计的进程，才能够有效地展现出管理会计和财务会计之间的优势。把财务会计与管理会计想融合是时代发展的趋势，只有紧跟时代发展才能够更好的促进企业发展，同时也为企业在发展的过程当中为企业提供更多的指导依据。
What makes this special is that apart from their 2005 successful joint bidding for 38 percent of Petro-Canada's share in Al Furat gas and oilfi elds in Syria, China and India are viewed as the world's largest energy importers and therefore, competitors.
那个用木头搭建的，小得像工地上临时住所一样的家，被台风撕成了一堆破木头，温衡站在这堆木头前，没有哭，她已经习惯了这种突如其来的灾祸。她蹲下来，在一堆木头里，寻找还没有被损坏的东西和她的存钱罐，就像在她命途多舛的生命里，寻找渺小的希望。
Competitors to partners
This change of mood echoes potential partnerships in the International Solar Alliance, a grouping of over 120 countries seeking to utilize more solar energy through a common approach. The decision to undertake joint research and development of new technologies for manufacturing solar cells from new materials promises to improve effi ciency while lowering costs.
China's expertise in affordable photovoltaic technologies can help both China and India switch to cleaner energy from their overdependence on high-polluting fossil fuels like coal and oil.
Despite the progress, there are still more areas to explore. One unique segment would be poverty alleviation and forming a working group on that. China has lifted over 800 million people out of poverty and India about 300 million. Just like their growing understanding on climate change mitigation or countering terrorism, eliminating poverty worldwide can provide both China and India one more actionable mission.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
闸室为分离式钢筋混凝土结构，顺水流方向主槽闸室长8 m，底板高程1 004 m；滩地闸室长8 m，底板高程1 005 m。闸门为可升降的钢坝闸门。主槽拦河闸为1孔，闸板总长40 m，挡水高度3.0 m；左岸滩地拦河闸为3孔，闸板总长120 m，单扇闸板宽度40 m，挡水高度2.0 m；右岸滩地拦河闸为3孔，闸板总长120 m，单扇闸板宽度40 m，挡水高度2.0 m；拦河闸由设在左岸的液压控制室控制启闭。拦河闸闸墩为钢筋混凝土箱式结构，根据超高计算，闸墩顶高程1 008.2 m。下游连接段，包括消力池、海漫以及两岸翼墙和护坡。引导出闸水流均匀扩散，下游连接段总长18 m。
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