When the sun rose over Tuozhi Bai village in southwest China’s Yunnan Province on the first day of the lunar calendar,the candles in the central room of Li Zhongwu’s home were lit. Surrounding the candles were memorials to remember the family’s ancestors.Li, dressed smartly, then burned incense to show his respect.
8）脚手架处于顶层连墙点之上的自由高度不得大于6m。当作业层高出其下连墙件2步或4m以上、且其上尚无连墙件时，应采取适当的临时撑拉措施。
The village is also the home of various ethnic groups. They all follow their own unique customs to celebrate the Spring Festival, which have developed through family foods, traditions and cultural practices.
1.3.2 水稻种植管理。6月底，将虾塘的成虾捕捞90%后，排水，将剩余的虾都排到环沟内，田面留低于5 cm的水层，施有机肥225～300 kg/hm2，翻耕、拉平。
After graduating from college, Li went back to work in his hometown, where worshipping ancestors and preparing a vegan banquet are two traditional activities to celebrate the Lunar New Year’s Day. Today,only few families, including the Li’s, have preserved both of these customs.
After the holiday, Zhang will pack the best of the preserved pork and take it home in Zhejiang. He said, “For me,preserved pork is the taste of the Spring Festival.”
3.9 高风险食品。高风险食品包括婴幼儿配方食品、保健食品、特殊医学用途配方食品、乳制品、肉制品、生食水产品、生食蔬菜、冷冻饮品、食用植物油、预包装冷链膳食、集体用餐配送膳食、现制现售的即食食品等食品。
Ethnic groups display produce from the harvest during a parade to celebrate the Spring Festival at Lancang Lahu Autonomous County in Pu’er City, Yunnan Province on February 7
Zhu in the traditional costume of the Zhuang ethnic group
肾司二阴：前阴包括尿道和生殖器，是排尿和生殖的器官。肾主司前后二阴。尿液的贮存和排泄虽属于膀胱的功能，但须依赖肾的气化才能完成。因此，尿频、遗尿、尿失禁以及尿少或尿闭，均与肾的气化功能有关。
Five different dishes are served on the table, which is the traditional number of different foods eaten at the Lunar New Year’s Day in his family. “You might think that making a vegan feast is easy but it isn’t.”
Zhang and his wife, both born in the 1990s in the village where their parents and daughter still live, work in east China’s Zhejiang Province. Thus, the Spring Festival is an important time for the family to reunite.
“For me, the Spring Festival is all about preserving a close family bond.”
Each Spring Festival, Zhang’s parents insist on making preserved pork, regardless of the hard work it takes to prepare it. “It is difficult to make because the procedures are so complicated, storing preserved meat is also difficult as modern houses are not well ventilated,” he said. “Many residents do not make preserved meat at home nowadays.” In addition, till preserved meat is fully dried, it attracts flies. So his father has to keep them away with a self-made tool, he explained.
Zhu, a Zhuang native, has been living in the village for 25 years since she married an ethnic Han. Unlike many other Zhuang women who relinquish their traditional culture when marrying outside their ethnic group, Zhu has brought her culture to her husband’s family.
Li usually takes a prominent role in the ceremony, despite the younger members normally taking a passive role in such rituals. During this year’s festival, the family held a special vigil for Li’s great grandfather.
In Zhang Pan’s yard, preserved meat hangs, giving off an inviting aroma.
“My grandmother is Buddhist and has a lasting influence on me; hence a vegan banquet is served on the first day of the Spring Festival.” Before cooking, all the crockery and tableware are washed in a pond. According to his parents, this is the cleanest water source. “The washing al-ways evokes memories of my childhood.”
2009年10月3日，中国国际广播电台华语环球广播的《中国之窗》，以《跨越历史的音符》为题向全世界介绍了桂涛声、冼星海创作的《在太行山上》。节目中，国家二级作曲家王学军评价说：“这首歌为什么我们唱得那么舒服？因为我们觉得情绪在这个歌里得到释放。这首歌词不多，但句句都精彩。最令我感动的，就是慢板的后半部分，它的旋律很美。我每次唱到这里，心里会涌出一阵热浪来。”
During the Spring Festival, Zhuang people dine on rice dumplings wrapped in leaves. They also wear traditional clothes to greet the Lunar New Year.
In her traditional clothes, Zhu was regarded as one of the most beautiful women in her village. “My outfit for the Lunar New Year’s Day was designed two years ago. I’ve got four new outfits for the Spring Festival since I got married.” Her appreciation for color changed with age,now, she prefers more subtle colors such as brown and black rather than bright red.
“I learned how to cook from my mother and each Spring Festival, I make these dishes myself, except the year I got injured in a car accident.” On the eve of the Lunar New Year, Zhu cooks rice dumplings while staying up late to welcome in the new year.She also gives the food to relatives and friends as gift.
Zhu has maintained memories of her youth and also respects her husband’s Han culture. “Wherever I go can be my hometown as long as I keep the traditional culture of my ethnic group.”
Although it is often said that traditions have diminished in recent times, numerous people still insist on practising their customs. These rituals have become imprinted on people’s minds and help connect generations and people from different ethnic groups in China. ■
Copyedited by Craig Crowther
Comments to liqing@bjreview.com
标签：食品论文; 膳食论文; 这首论文; 论文论文; 中国国际广播电台论文; 社会科学总论论文; 社会学论文; 社会生活与社会问题论文; 《BeijingReview》2019年第8期论文;