The author is director of the Institute of Eurasian Studies at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations
Over the past seven decades, diplomatic ties between China and Russia have gone through an extraordinary journey.
由表7可知抽检的芯样的密度、孔隙率、稳定度和流值均符合实际设计要求，并进行了2m水头的渗透试验，发现均无渗透问题存在，说明沥青混合料的摊铺和碾压工艺是可行的。
Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, China-Russia relations have made a smooth transition, becoming more stable and mature. China and Russia have carried out pragmatic cooperation in various fields based on equality and mutual benefit. This has achieved win-win results, benefiting people in the two countries.
Some in the international community are reluctant to see the two come closer and have tried to sow dissension, propagating that the ties would inevitably deteriorate and that the friendship is not in the actual interests of the two countries.
But the fact that the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has been operating at a high level for many years belies these thoughts. The current bilateral relations have a solid foundation for cooperation.
Shared interests
In 2001, then Chinese President Jiang Zemin and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the landmark Treaty of Good Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation.
In 2018, trade between China and Russia topped $100 billion, marking a milestone.In the first quarter of 2019, it stood at $24.1 billion, up 4.4 percent year on year. China has been Russia's largest trading partner for eight consecutive years, with its share in Russia's foreign trade on the rise. In 2013,Russia's trade volume with China accounted for 10.54 percent of its total foreign trade,which rose to over 15 percent in 2018.
近年来,我国旅游业的发展速度较快、态势较好,得益于旅游作为一种综合性产业,具有资源消耗低、带动系数大、提供的就业机会多、综合效益较好等优点[1],对国民经济的贡献率仍在稳步提高．而城市生态环境尤其是绿化水平，作为旅游业资源要素的重要组成部分,势必会影响旅游经济的发展．
Russian students take the HSK Chinese profi ciency test in Moscow on May 19
China faces the important task of national rejuvenation, which requires focus on the problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development in the new era. Russia also hopes to revitalize its status as a great power, restore its economic strength and resolve domestic problems. Both countries need a stable surrounding environment.
The two neighbors have established a communication mechanism at all levels,ranging from regular meetings between prime ministers to cooperation on energy,investment as well as strategic security. The mechanisms have ensured smooth communication between China and Russia and enhanced mutual trust.
China-Russia relations used to be described as “hot politics and cold economics,”indicating the level of political dialogue had far outpaced economic relations. But since Russia stepped up its pivot to the east, the economic cooperation with China has entered a new stage.
China is the most populous country and Russia the largest country, and they share complicated internal and external situations.
阿里巴巴董事局主席马云在香港举办的“一带一路：由香港进”论坛上表示，“未来中国有三大主要的机会：市场化、内需提升和经济全面数据化。中国有独一无二的优势来抓住这些机会。”
Putin has talked about the importance of cooperation with China on many occasions. In a published article, Russia and the Changing World, in early 2012, he pointed out that China's development is not a threat to Russia, but rather, it offers opportunities,and that Russia needs a prosperous and stable China, while China holds the same expectations from Russia.
Energy cooperation has become a pillar of China-Russia economic cooperation. At the beginning of 2018, a second line of the China-Russia oil pipeline began commercial operation. Russia exported nearly 70 million tons of crude oil to China last year, becoming China's largest oil exporter.
A Russian warship arrives in Qingdao, east China's Shandong Province, on April 29 for a joint naval exercise
On the road to national rejuvenation,the two countries can learn from each other and provide complementary advantages for common development.
Both Chinese and Russian leaders have attached great importance to developing bilateral relations over the past decades.During his visit to China in the early 1990s,Boris Yeltsin, then Russian President, pushed for a strategic partnership that would take the bilateral ties into the 21st century.
Q235D、20#、20G、Corten、ND钢在15%H2SO4溶液，0MPa应力，不同温度下的腐蚀速率如图3所示。5种材料在恒定硫酸浓度下腐蚀速率均随着温度上升而升高，且相对大小为：Q235>20#钢>20G钢>Corten钢>ND钢。这反映了它们的耐腐蚀性Q235<20#钢<20G钢
After the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, Putin came to China twice to attend the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. The proposed integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Silk Road Economic Belt, the overland prong of the Belt and Road Initiative, has become a new driving force for the economic cooperation between China and EAEU members.
2.巴基斯坦政府做出了巨大的努力，尤其在路线选择上。巴基斯坦政府在规划经济走廊路线时充分考虑了各方的利益诉求，推出了多路线方案，满足各方的利益诉求，从根源上减少某些“变相恐怖主义”的袭击。
Trade milestones
Both China and Russia advocate a multipolar world and share similar views on major issues. They have maintained close cooperation in the UN, the Group of 20, BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,which is an important factor in maintaining global stability.
After his election in 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping chose Moscow as the first foreign capital to visit, where he had eight hours of candid and pragmatic exchanges with Putin, opening a new chapter in China-Russia relations. Since then, the two leaders have been meeting four or five times a year, having met 27 times in the past six years.
At the end of 2017, the first production line of the Yamal liquefied natural gas (LNG)project was officially put into operation.China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), a major stakeholder in the project, received the first shipment of LNG from Yamal in July 2018.
By the end of 2019, the China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline will be completed. The pipeline is expected to provide China with 38 billion cubic meters of natural gas from Russia annually. In April, China and Russia reached an agreement on CNPC's participation in Russia's Arctic LNG 2 project,demonstrating the huge potential of cooperation between the two sides on energy.
In terms of connectivity, the first crossriver railway bridge connecting China with Russia will be completed in 2019. The bridge across the Heilongjiang River will connect the city of Tongjiang in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province with Nizhneleninskoye in Russia, with a designed annual throughput capacity of 21 million tons. It will be an important international corridor connecting China with Russia and the rest of Europe.
品牌联想评估内容包括读者在看到品牌时所能想到的阅读推广活动的基本特征（比如活动一般是什么形式、阅读内容的喜好程度、活动的时间、活动所代表的整体水平等）、品牌利益（读者能从活动中收获到什么、读者认为的价值存在点）、品牌态度（读者对品牌的整体评价）。读者所能联想的事务越多，越具体，说明对品牌的关注度和参与度越高，而品牌态度则代表了读者对活动的整体喜好程度。
In the field of aviation and aerospace,the China-Russia Commercial Aircraft International Co. Ltd. has been set up as a joint venture to develop wide-body aircraft.Joint research and development of heavy-lift helicopters has made progress.
Agricultural cooperation is a new highlight. Russia's agricultural sector has continued to grow with Russia becoming the world's largest wheat exporter. Its agro exports to China have also increased. With the trade friction between China and the U.S.affecting U.S. agricultural exports to China,in the future, China and Russia can conduct extensive cooperation in agricultural investment and deep processing of agricultural products.
Local cooperation between the two sides has also grown. In 2018, China and Russia decided that the next two years would be designated for local cooperation and exchange. China has taken part in 30 projects in the construction of a leap-forward development zone in Russia's Far East, with a planned investment of over $4 billion. It has become the largest source of foreign investment in the region.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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