IL-34在流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染中的作用研究

IL-34在流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染中的作用研究

论文摘要

流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)是一种蚊媒病毒,JEV感染是东南亚地区发生病毒性脑炎的主要原因之一。脑部微环境主要由免疫细胞(如小胶质细胞)释放的细胞因子组成,而JEV感染直接与脑内微环境的紊乱相关。在正常生理条件下,小胶质细胞处于静息状态。相反,一旦机体遭到了像病毒感染之类的刺激后,小胶质细胞就会被激活,从而表现出吞噬细胞的作用并且分泌一些抗病毒的细胞因子。然而,如果细胞因子的分泌失去控制,那么这些细胞因子就会表现出较为严重的副作用。血脑屏障(BBB)可以作为抑制病原微生物感染中枢神经系统(CNS)的物理屏障,然而较强的炎性反应可以引起血脑屏障的破坏。有一些研究聚焦于解析病毒感染CNS的机制,但是截至目前,该机制并未得以阐明。在我们的研究中,我们聚焦于IL-34在JEV疾病发病机制和进展中的作用。IL-34是新型细胞因子之一,由于其在小神经胶质细胞发育中的作用,最近获得了关注。早期研究报道IL-34的缺失导致小胶质细胞发育受损。据报道,在西尼罗河病毒感染中,IL-34缺失的小鼠缺乏小胶质细胞,因此对CNS中的病毒攻击显示较弱的抗病毒活性。然而,目前JEV感染调节IL-34的表达或IL-34是否参与JEV感染的发病机制尚不清楚。我们的初步数据显示了JEV感染后可以诱导IL-34的表达。这一结果确定了我们目前的研究,以了解这种诱导的作用。本研究的目的是了解IL-34在JEV感染发病机制中的广泛作用,包括其在小胶质细胞活性中的作用。我们建立了IL-34敲除模型,并使用强毒JEV株进行腹腔注射感染,以深入了解JEV感染后细胞因子的作用。我们的研究表明,与JEV感染后的野生型小鼠相比,IL-34敲除小鼠的存活率有了改善的趋势。此外,我们的结果表明,IL-34基因敲除小鼠在JEV感染后显着抑制炎症反应,这是其存活趋势改善的原因。以前的数据也显示了BBB破坏中炎症的重要性;我们通过我们的数据发现,IL-34缺失导致小鼠存活率提高,炎症细胞因子表达显着降低。因此,为了确切了解IL-34如何影响疾病进展,我们使用小鼠模型研究了IL-34对BBB渗透性的影响。我们用JEV感染了两种基因型的小鼠,并通过物理攻击打破了BBB。我们的数据表明,BBB对病毒传播到大脑至关重要。此外,JEV感染后的IL-34诱导引起炎性细胞因子的强烈表达,其反过来作用于BBB,并使其更具渗透性。BBB通透性有助于病毒快速进入大脑,从而导致更严重的大脑感染。因此,强烈的炎症反应和病毒快速进入大脑是一起导致脑炎和神经元死亡的原因。总之,我们的研究阐明IL-34诱导通过影响BBB完整性在扩大脑部的JEV感染中起关键作用。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • English abbreviations
  • Chapter1 Introduction
  •   1.1 Encephalitis
  •   1.2 Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection Overview
  •     1.2.1.Clinical Significance
  •     1.2.2.Lifecycle
  •     1.2.3.Epidemiology
  •   1.3 Pathogenesis
  •     1.3.1 Pathogenesis and Mechanism Involved in CNS Damage
  •   1.4 Kinetics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
  •   1.5 Inflammation during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
  •     1.5.1 Inflammation Causing Cells in Japanese Encephalitis
  •     1.5.2 Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Promoters in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
  •   1.6 Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in JEV Infection
  •     1.6.1 Chemokines
  •     1.6.2 Cytokines
  •   1.7 Interleukins
  •     1.7.1 Interleukin-34
  •     1.7.2 In Various Diseases
  •     1.7.3 In Non Infectious Neurological Diseases
  •     1.7.4 In Infectious Neurological Diseases
  •   1.8 Therapeutic Measures to Cure Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
  •   1.9 Preliminary Data and Objective
  • Chapter2 Role of Il-34 in JEV Infection
  •   2.1 Introduction
  •     2.1.1 Summary
  •   2.2 Materials and Methods
  •     2.2.1 Methods:
  •     2.2.2 Materials
  •   2.3 Results
  •     2.3.1 Dose determination and in-vivo infection
  •     2.3.2 Virus load in the mice brain
  •     2.3.3.Genotyping of the new bred mice
  •     2.3.4.IL-34 deletion delays death in mice infected with JEV
  •     2.3.5.IL-34 deletion increases viral infection in the brain
  •     2.3.6.IL-34 deletion leads to dampening antiviral and inflammatory responses
  •     2.3.7.IL-34 deletion leads to minimum microglial development and activation
  •   2.4 Discussion
  • Chapter3 Insights into the Role of IL-34 Post JEV Infection
  •   3.1 Introduction
  •     3.1.1 Summary
  •   3.2 Materials and Methods
  •     3.2.1 Methods
  •     3.2.2 Materials
  •   3.3 Results
  •     3.3.1 Dose determination for brain punch model
  •     3.3.2 Viral load analysis in the brain
  •     3.3.3 Post Brain Punch infection– change in Onset of Symptoms
  •     3.3.4 IL-34 deletion decelerates virus dissemination into the brain
  •     3.3.5 IL-34 has a role in robust viral dissemination into the brain
  •     3.3.6 Insights into increase of viral dissemination into CNS via expression of IL-
  •   3.4 Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Appendix Common Glossary Terms Used in Immunology
  • Acknowledgements
  • Curriculum Vitae
  • 文章来源

    类型: 博士论文

    作者: Prerona Boruah

    导师: 邱亚峰

    关键词: 炎症,抗病毒反应,血脑屏障,发病机制

    来源: 中国农业科学院

    年度: 2019

    分类: 基础科学,农业科技

    专业: 生物学,畜牧与动物医学

    单位: 中国农业科学院

    分类号: S852.65

    总页数: 93

    文件大小: 3681K

    下载量: 68

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    IL-34在流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染中的作用研究
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