Monica Banda wakes up every morning and leaves her house in Makeni Villa Township to travel to Chunga dumpsite in Zambia's capital Lusaka. There, she joins several other jobless women who sieve through piles of garbage to collect plastic bottles for sale.
Faced with increasing amounts of waste in Zambia, these women, and others like them across the country, have been allowed to collect plastic litter materials to eke out a living.
达尔文有一句名言：“最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。”根据学生的年龄特征，循序渐进地对学生进行自学、观察、操作、比较、迁移、解题、归纳、总结等方法的指导与训练，发现问题及时纠正，慢慢养成良好的学习习惯，发展他们在自主学习、独立思考、解决问题等方面的能力。生物学科概念繁多，容易混淆，涉及面广，有经验的教师在学完一块内容后会采取适当的手段进行处理：带领学生绘制概念图，必修一用得较多；逻辑关系强的做思维导图，比如体液调节、免疫调节；层次分明但又难记住的用列表进行比较，比如不同的育种方式；涉及随机交配和自交的遗传问题利用公式模型。首先由教师指导，之后让学生针对不同内容自己确定方法并独立完成。
Plastic doesn't just devastate habitat, it also has a detrimental eあect on the health of humans as drinking water may get contaminated.
According to plasticpollution.org, plastic takes around 400 years before it starts to decompose, all the while clogging up the available area on the earth and harming living organisms. For instance, animals can die after ingesting littered plastic as the garbage can obstruct their digestive systems.
The Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), an independent environmental regulator, recently proposed the phasing out of the use of plastic bags in the country.
行政事业单位在财务管理工作的开展上，最重要的就是提高内部财务管理力度，这样对内部控制工作也有很大帮助，除此之外，行政事业单位在会计核算上也要做好相关工作。还有，行政事业单位要根据自身内部的情况建立财务信息管理系统，让行政事业单位的财务信息能够得到实时共享，使行政事业单位财务资金的收入、支出能够了然于掌。要借助新会计制度的优势，与财务工作进行有机的结合，使内部财务管理能够有效的加强。
For Banda and her fellow business- minded persons, where an ordinary eye sees trash, as entrepreneurs, they see treasure.
Sales outlet
Thanks to Hongsen Investment Ltd., a Chinese firm that recently established a manufacturing plant in Makeni, Banda and her peers have an outlet to sell their pickings.
Hongsen's manufacturing plant recycles plastic bottles into finished plastic wares such as cups, brooms and buckets among others.
Hongsen's plant, a part of Zambia's plan to attract foreign direct investment into the Southern African country, not only creates employment among women and youth of Lusaka's Makeni Villa Township where it is based, it is also eco-friendly.
“I recently raised enough money to buy equipment and now I have opened a car washing business in my community. This work is obviously not for the faint-hearted, but you need to know what your goals are,” Mwansa said.
She said that a bundle of plastics fetches around $2, while a sack of plastic bottles sells for just under $1.
“My friends introduced me to this business of plastic collection three months ago. Now we supply plastic materials to Hongsen for recycling into finished plastic wares. I had no money to start any form of business; but now, I am able to provide for my family because we get instant cash on delivery of these raw materials,” said Banda.
2.2.2 母根栽植方式 为了研究母根栽植方式对种条生长的影响，开展了先栽植后灌溉和先灌溉后栽植再灌水两种方式进行区组试验。试验采用一年生根桩，栽植株行距30cm×60cm。栽植后进行常规抚育管理。进行萌芽、生根及生长量观测。
Jackson Mwansa is a young man from Makeni who also supplies used plastic bottles to Hongsen on a part-time basis.
“Long before this company came here, we had a lot of litter in the form of plastic bottles; but now, nearly all of them have been cleared for recycling purposes. Not only is this company creating employment for our community, it is also helping keep our environment clean and healthy,” said Mwansa.
动物模型建立 采用40%四氯化碳溶液腹腔注射法构建大鼠病毒性肝纤维化模型，剂量为3 μl/g体重，每周2次，分别注射4周(实验组1)、8周(实验组2)、12周(实验组3)，以制备不同程度的肝纤维化模型。对照组腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。
He said many young people like him have been able to start their own business ventures using funds from selling plastic trash.
沈从文早期描写的作品中主要有五个人物反复登场：一个是辛勤的妈妈，她全身饱含着母爱和同情心；一个是淘气的幼年沈从文自己；他的大哥沈云麓，他的主要任务是惩罚沈从文，但偶尔也和弟弟们“狼狈为奸”，譬如“唆使”弟弟拿家里的鸡去搏斗；他的六弟得鱼（沈岳筌），是他的幼年玩耍伙伴；小九妹，他是全家的欢乐宝贝，母亲的心肝尖子，调皮捣蛋而且在家里“恃宠而骄”。小时候兄弟姊妹间丰富的生活内容让沈从文倍感亲切而反复咀嚼以致需形诸文字而后快。“孔怀兄弟，同气连枝”，这是沈从文兄弟姐妹间关系良好的最佳写照。
Green vision
Experts say once plastic bags are discarded into the natural environment, they do last up to 400 years without being decomposed by sunlight and/or microorganisms, since they are non-biodegradable.
未来一周，东北地区、江南东部、江淮东部、华南、西南地区东部等地累积降雨量有30-80毫米，其中东北地区东部、江南东部、华南南部及云南西部和南部等地的部分地区有100-150毫米，局部地区有200～300毫米；上述地区降雨量较常年同期偏多3-6成，局地偏多1倍以上。
“This would force manufacturers of packaging products to take on the responsibility to prevent waste such as plastic at the source,” ZEMA Public Relations Oきcer Irene Chipili said in a statement.
This is in line with the extended producer responsibility (EPR), a global practice that places significant obligations on producers to support recycling.
One of the aims of EPR is to give producers incentives to change product design in environmentally benign ways. This includes making it easier to reuse and recycle products.
试验的荷载(p)-沉降(s)曲线如图3、图4所示。在较低的荷载范围内(200 kPa)，地基基本处于弹性变形状态。
Yan Qingguo, Director of Hongsen, told ChinAfrica that the idea of setting up the recycling plant in Zambia emerged after their research found that there was no such business in place.
Some of the finished products made by Hongsen Investment
Advanced technology
Asked how the company manufactures plastic wares without damaging the environment through air pollution or spillage of toxic chemicals in the production process, Hongsen Administrative Oきcer Thandiwe Chaaba stated that the firm adheres to the environmental standards and practices as outlined by environmental agencies.
“The company has invested in stateof-the-art equipment, meaning it uses advanced technology that helps it comply with environmental regulations. Of course, we are in business to make money, but our priority is to also contribute to the sustainability of the environment in which we operate,” Chaaba said.
In addition, Chaaba said her company is creating value out of plastic waste material, and thereby, contributing to job creation in the country.
She said that after the waste plastic materials are received from the pickers, they are washed and crushed into particles, which are then converted into hard plastic or polythene particles, for later molding into household items.
Chaaba, who is also a Chinese translator, emphasized that the local community benefits a great deal from the recycling plant as they are not only employed directly, but their environment is also kept clean.
新规则第二章“规范性引用文件”包括5个文件，具体分析新规则的各项条款，结合当前归档工作的实际，强调这5个文件有其必要性与可行性。
“I am glad to tell you that a lot of people who are living around here have been empowered because they are able to get work in the factory,” said Chaaba.
As a pioneer in the recycling industry in Zambia, the company started with six employees. That figure has grown to over 150 direct workers, in addition to all the suppliers of the raw plastic.
While waste collection is a good foundation for building community entrepreneurship and an important part of the waste management value chain, environmentalist Robert Chimambo said the process needs to be regulated with regard to access to dumpsites and safety of the people involved.
“In the case of dumpsites, there is need for proper regulatory framework in terms of access to the site and the collection of waste for recycling to help sustain our environment,” said Chimambo.
As the government works out modalities on how to lessen the impact of plastic waste on the environment such as a ban on the use of plastic bags and disposable bottles, and promotion of reusable bags or woven shopping baskets, in a bid to safeguard Zambia's environment, there is also a need to emulate Hongsen Investment Ltd. by setting up more companies that recycle plastic waste material, according to experts.
In 2007, the Lusaka City Council started a campaign dubbed Keep Zambia Clean, to educate Lusaka residents on the health hazards posed by throwing garbage on the streets, but little has been done under the noble campaign. As the local authorities countrywide strive to find better ways of waste management, entrepreneurs like Banda will continue to make a living from the plastic recycling process. CA
A Chinese recycling plant in Zambia is creating jobs while protecting the environment
* * Reporting from Zambia
* * Comments to niyanshuo@chinafrica.cn
标签：实验组论文; 行政事业单位论文; 财务论文; 从文论文; 东北地区论文; 《ChinAfrica》2019年第9期论文;