Express freight trains bring Wuhan and Europe closer By Wei Hongchen
“王伯伯，王施凯其实非常聪明，我给他讲的题都是听一遍就会了，只要认真学，期末考试进到班级前20名也不是不可能。”
A China-Europe Railway Express train from Hamburg, Germany, arrives at Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, on August 26, 2018
Liu Xingliang, a 38-year-old native of Wuhan in Hubei Province, is an amateur wine connoisseur. French red wine is his favorite, next only to spicy dry noodles, the signature local dish. One of his pastimes is to scour the city or surf the Internet for new wine varieties. In the last two years, to his delight, he has discovered several exotic wines right in Wuhan.
“One day in 2017, I spotted many bottles of French wine on the shelves of a supermarket near my home. They are not only rich in varieties and authentic in taste, but also affordable,” Liu told Beijing Review.
As an increasing number of China-Europe Railway Express trains shuttle between the city and France, wine has become more accessible and affordable in Wuhan, currently at the same price level as in Europe. The shipping time via railway is only one third of water routes, and its cost is about one fifth of that by air, said Wang Lei, Vice General Manager of Wuhan Asia-Europe Logistics Co. Ltd. (WAE), the operator of the trains running between Wuhan and Europe.
The trains have also benefited companies in other countries. International freight railway transport has not only become a competitive edge for China, but also greatly enhanced the competitiveness of European enterprises cooperating with China, said Xavier Wanderpepen, an employee of the French National Railway Co. in charge of promoting trade with China. He said that in France, large retail chains and automotive groups, among others, need these logistics solutions, and more and more small businesses need this type of fast transport.
In 2016, a China-Europe Railway Express research team developed cutting-edge cold chain containers. These containers can be tracked 24 hours a day so that the entire transportation process is visible and controllable.
With these containers, French wine, German and Polish beer, Kazakhstan’s cooking oil, and other daily consumer products are now shipped from Europe and Central Asia to China, while oranges and lobsters from Hubei are shipped to European markets.
Wuhan was a historical bustling commercial hub. It was once the world’s largest tea distribution center, with the tea trade fueling the city’s prosperity. Centuries ago, tea and other products from Wuhan were transported abroad along the ancient Silk Road, the Maritime Silk Road and other routes. In the mid-19th century, tea from Wuhan reached Russia’s St. Petersburg.
总而言之，互联网技术近十年的迅速发展，促使传统各个行业进行相应的创新与改革．在现今的金融行业中传统的商业行业业务正在一步步兼容着互联网技术．虽然互联网金融仍旧存在技术和监管上的不足，但是随着互联网技术和银行运行管理的不断进步，这些问题终会得到合理的解决．互联网技术与传统商业银行业务之间的交融，必将提高我国金融业发展的效率，降低金融交易的成本，从而更有利于金融行业的整体发展．
“The bonded warehouse can speed up customs clearance and capital turnover, and reduce trade cost; at the same time, consumers can purchase quality products at affordable prices,” said Wang.
Now, railways have brought Wuhan and Europe much closer. In addition, a large French wine bonded warehouse opened in Wuhan on July 10.
Transport arteries
The first China-Europe express freight train was launched in Chongqing on March 19, 2011, and headed to Duisburg, Germany via Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Carrying locally produced electronic products, the train covered a distance of about 11,000 km in 15 days.
区域非公约船舶安全管理培训是我国加强与东盟、南亚等国家海上互联互通及技术标准合作的一项重要内容，旨在帮助东盟和南亚各国熟悉我国非公约船舶技术标准和规则，为东盟和南亚国家建立符合其自身现实需要的非公约船舶技术标准和管理规则提供可复制、可推广的经验。据悉，这是中国首次为东盟和南亚国家举行区域非公约船舶安全管理培训。本次培训由中国海事局主办，广东海事局承办。
式中与分别表征对于决策专家et而言，应急方案epm在指标cn下的实际表现情况相对于期望水平或最低要求值的损益值，t=1,2,,T，m=1,2,,M，n=1,2,,N。
In addition, since the Belt and Road Initiative was initiated in 2013, the development of China-Europe rail services has been put on a faster track.
On October 24, 2012, the first China-Europe Railway Express train from Wuhan embarked on its maiden journey to the Pardubice Region in the Czech Republic, which lies 10,863 km away. In March 2014, the Wuhan Municipal Government founded the WAE to operate trains traveling between Wuhan and Europe. Over the years, more routes and trains have been added.
Wuhan trains are mainly destined for Germany, France, Russia and Belarus, running along either a southern route that passes through Xinjiang or a northern route that passes through Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In the beginning, the freight trains mainly provided customized services to large manufacturing enterprises in Hubei. However, the problem with that operation model was that the cargo loading rate was not high, especially on return trips.
To solve this issue, the WAE changed the model by accepting cargo from small and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. This has not only increased the cargo loading rate and railway revenue, but also reduced the shipping cost for enterprises and helped small and medium-sized enterprises access overseas market.
In 2018, China-Europe Railway Express freight trains made a total of 173 trips from Wuhan to Europe and 245 from Europe to Wuhan, with an average cargo loading rate of 96.3 percent, ranking first in the country, according to data from the WAE.
The greenway along East Lake, a leisure destination in Wuhan
Freight transport to Europe does not only cover companies in Hubei. Electronics, fruit, seafood and other products from the Pearl River Delta in south China and the Yangtze River Delta in east China, and even products from Southeast Asian countries are shipped to Wuhan and then loaded onto China-Europe Railway Express trains bound for Europe, said Zheng Li, deputy head of the Freight Department of the China Railway Wuhan Group.
Driving development
These trains have strengthened economic and trade ties between Wuhan and Europe. They have also boosted imports and exports and spurred the industrial development of Hubei.
The province is home to many wood processing enterprises. However, the shortage of raw materials hampers the development of local companies such as Fuhan Wood Industry Co. Ltd. Thus, the WAE turned its attention to the Russian Far East, which is rich in timber. In April 2015, the WAE launched the first express railway to transport timber from Russia to China, which runs from Tomsk in Russia to Wuhan through the Manzhouli land port in Inner Mongolia.
Timber shipped from Russia has also attracted enterprises in the downstream industrial chain from Guangdong and Fujian provinces and Inner Mongolia to relocate to Wuhan, boosting the development of the paper industry in China’s central region.
The WAE also offers customized shipping services for retail enterprises. On October 28, 2017, the first train chartered by Decathlon, the French sporting goods retail giant, transported items it produced and purchased in China to Dourges in France. Benefiting from the customized shipping service, Decathlon decided to bring orders that had been transferred to Viet Nam and other Southeast Asian countries back to Wuhan and neighboring areas, and established its China distribution center in Wuhan.
In the ensuing two years, freight trains to Europe were launched in more inland Chinese cities such as Chengdu in Sichuan Province, Zhengzhou in Henan Province, Changsha in Hunan Province and Xi’an in Shaanxi Province. More than 40 Chinese cities have launched China-Europe Railway Express trains, according to the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM).
Decathlon currently has 268 physical stores in China, which is the only market outside France with a whole Decathlon production chain. In Wuhan, the retailer has six stores, a textile mill and a logistics center covering about 80,000 square meters.
Moreover, the quantity of return cargo shipped by the trains between Wuhan and Europe ranks first among China-Europe Railway Express trains between Chinese cities and Europe, according to MOFCOM.
However, things weren’t always so smooth. “During the transportation process, extreme weather is often encountered. Sometimes, the temperature in containers can rise above 50 degrees Celsius in summer or drop below minus 20 degrees Celsius in winter,” Wang Lijun, WAE Chairman, said. “Since food, wine and medicine need to be preserved at certain temperatures, cold chain technology is necessary for their transportation.”
更为麻烦的事情还在后面，朋友之间总会有争吵或者矛盾，假如我跟女朋友吵架，解决的办法非常简单：说好听的，道歉，送花，或者——就像微博营销账号说的那样——抱住她强吻，反正总有一招可以让关系回到正常。但我要是跟一个男性朋友吵架了，要想挽回就是很不容易的事情，尤其是对于腼腆而好面子的中国男人。
Cultural bridge
The express freight trains have also become a bridge for cultural exchanges between China and other countries.
2015年至2017年以及2018上半年，才府玻璃主营业务综合毛利率分别为：30.94%、31.73%、29.62%和31.05%。如果加上2014年数据，才府玻璃综合毛利率较为稳定，整体看呈现小幅的上升趋势，但基本保持在30%上下波动。
在4只300 mL烧杯中参加入2.1节中所述的化学镀镍溶液1 mL，以水稀释至80 mL。加氢氧化钠溶液调节试液的pH至11.5后分别加30%的双氧水1、2、3和4 mL，再补加水至100 mL，此时试液中含镍67.01 mg/L。在10 °C下放置120 min后用定量滤纸过滤，测得各滤液中镍的质量浓度见表3。处理时试液中含柠檬酸、乳酸和次磷酸钠的总浓度为0.005 mol/L，而H2O2的浓度分别为0.088、0.176、0.265和0.353 mol/L。可见直接用双氧水处理柠檬酸的效率很低，在温度较低时更难有效去除柠檬酸。
Walking into the WAE office, visitors are greeted by an enormous painting on the wall depicting a China-Europe Railway Express train whizzing by a backdrop featuring landmark structures in Wuhan such as the ancient Yellow Crane Tower. The painting was created by a German girl named Nadine, said Li Jie, a WAE executive.
When Nadine was 11 years old, she learned that oranges and tangerines were shipped to Russia through an express freight train from Wuhan. That’s what inspired her to paint the watercolor, hoping that the citrus fruits would someday be shipped to Germany.
[13]BALDI UBALDI, In Quartum et Quintum Codicis Librum Commentaria ad l. multum interest (C. 4, 50, 6) n. 12, Lugduni, 1585. f. 147 r.
In Hubei, ancient chimes are a famous art form, which the express freight trains are now helping to introduce to a global audience. The heavy chimes used to be shipped abroad by sea, but the cost was high and the shipping time long, and the chimes risked getting rusty in the humid maritime environment. With express trains, shipping has become much more convenient.
The China-Europe Railway Express trains are mobile greeting cards that present Chinese culture and convey Wuhan people’s best wishes to people in countries along the railway lines, Wang concluded.
(Reporting from Wuhan, Hubei Province)
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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