JianghanUniversity.JingDong430019
江汉大学董晶430019
Abstract—ThedevelopmentofruralhouseconstructioninNorthernChinaisslowerthanSouthernpart.Itisnecessarytostudyenergysavingtechnologytoimprovethelivingconditionofruralresidents.Consideringlocaleconomy,technologyandenergysaving,etc,thispaperpresentsthemainfactorsanddesignstrategyandtechnologymethodsthatruralhouseshouldfollow.Appropriaterenewablematerialandoptimumconstructiontechnologyofenvelopearestated.
Keywords-energysavingtechnology;newruralhouse;envelopeconstruction;renewableenergy
I.Introduction
Accordingtothestatistics,thelivingspaceforruralresidentshasbeenupto25billionsquaremeters,whichisthe62.5%ofthetotalresidentialconstructionareainChina.Meanwhile,theaccompanyingfactsaresomedeservingattentiveproblems,suchasenergyconsumption,naturalenvironmentdestruction,livingconditionandsoon.
InNorthernChina,theaverageoutdoortemperatureinheatingseasonisunder-10℃,andthedayofheatinginwinterisincreasedfromsouthtonorth,suchasShenyangis151days,andHarbinis182days.IncoldareaofNorthernChina,ithasaseverecoldandlongwinter,namelythelowweatherisoneofthechallengesthatnortherntraditionalruralhousefaces.Andenvelopeconstruction,whichpidestheindoorandoutdoorspaces,isthereceiverofvariousclimatesandcomplicatedphysicalcircumstances,themaintaineroflivingcondition,andalsothekeeperofcomfort.ThroughanalyzingthepresentstatusofruralhouseinNorthernChina,severalconclusionsondesignstrategyandmethodsarepresentedinthefollowingcontents.
II.Analysisofruralhousesituationincoldareas
A.ShortageofPlanningandDesigning
Thoughthearchitecturaltechnologiesandmaterialshavebeendevelopedgreatlyduringthepastfewdecades,ruralhousesstillexistintraditionalmodes—withoutoverallplanning,architecturaldesign,energyconsumptionanalysis,andpresentapictureofdisorganizedform.Itwillundoubtedlyaffectresidentialconditionandenergysaving.
B.BackwardArchitectualMaterialandTechnology
Identifyapplicablesponsor/shere.(sponsors)
Mosthousesinruralareaaretraditionalbrickhouses,thethicknessofwallis370cmor490cm.Thoughgreatchangedhavetakenplaceinbuildingmaterialsandtechnology,newlybuilthousesinruralareahavelittlechangeinstructureandsomerenovationinruralhouses.Wallsarestilltraditionalbrick,windowsaredoublelayerwoodenframeglazingeventhenorthside,andthedoorsarewoodenorwrappedwithiron.Duringthewinter,theindooraveragetemperatureisaround10℃to15℃,whichisquitelow,discomfortable,andenergy—efficient.Sincethelowtemperature,surfacesonthecornersofwallusuallygetdewedandfrostedheavily,tobeworse,thewallsmaybecomemildewed,anditwouldworsenthelivingcondition.
Thereasonsfortheaboveproblemsarecausedbytraditionalheatsource,itcannotprovideenoughheatforthewholehouse,merelythesurplusheatofcookingthreetimesaday.Duringnighttheroomtemperaturedeclinessteadily,andthenextmorning,astheheatedairfromkitchentothequitecoldwall,dewdropsappearonthesurfacesofwalls.Sincetheheatisn’tenoughtoraisethetemperatureinsidethewalloverthetemperatureofdewpoint,thetemperatureofthesurfaceisalwaysbelowdewpointandicepoint.Andmeanwhile,inordertopreventtheheatgettingfromrooms,windowsanddoorsareclosedalmostthewholewinter,whichcausethepoorventilationandaggravatedewing.
Obviously,theproblemsmentionedabovemayincreaseenergyconsumption,reducearchitecturalproperty,andevenaffectresidents’health.
Identifyapplicablesponsor/shere.(sponsors)
III.Aimofdesigning
Ourfocusindesigningistobuildnewruralhouse,whichisenergyefficient,functional,comfortableandeconomic,toimprovetheresidents’livingconditionandmeettheecologicalrequirements.
Inbuildingmaterialsandtechnologychoosing:multipledifferencesexistineachdistrict.Hence,localconstructionengineeringlevelandconstructionmaterialsshouldbeconsideredfirstly,andthensuitabletechnologiesadopted.
Inlivingconditionincreasing:newruralhouseshouldfollowtheresidents’localfolkways,localclimateandgeographical,localcustoms;andmeetresidents’lifestyles.
IV.Designofnewruralhouse
A.Buildinglayoutandfuctiondesign
Designinformationanalyzingshouldbemadecarefully:climateconditionofthehousingsite,whichisthebasisofplanedesignanddetails;constructionmaterials,obtainingmaterialsfromlocalsourcesshouldbeconsideredfirstly;solarradiationcondition,whichiswealthyinNorthernChina,andisthecleanrenewableenergy,meanwhileaffectsthebuildingorientation;localeconomicsituation,thatdecidedthebuildingcost,affectsmaterialsselectionandbuildingdimensions,andsoon.
Inordertodecreasetheamountofheatdissipationsurfaces,itisconsideredthatsemi—detachedhouselayoutreplacesthetraditionaldetachedhouse.Properbuildingorientationisgoodforgatheringsolarenergy.
Accordingtothereasonablefunction,planeshouldbepidedonthebasisofthermalenvironmentrequirements.Auxiliaryspacessuchasstorageroomandkitchenaresetonthenorth,andworkasabarrierfromthecoldweatherforthemainrooms,andlivingroomandbedroomaresetonthesouthtogetmoresolarenergy.Bufferspaceissetattheentrancetopreventcoldair.Toimprovesolarenergyutilization,Greenhouseinthefrontofsouthwallcouldbeused,whichhasgoodthermalenvironmentatdaytimeandpreventsheatfromlosingatnight.
B.Technologyofenvelopeconstruction
Thereareseveralshortagesinthetraditionalruralhousing:thetemperatureofinternalroomandthesurfaceofthewallisquitelow;surfacesofthecontractureusuallygetfrostedheavily;energyconsumptionishigh,butthephysicalenvironmentispoor,evenaffectstheresidents’health.
Todecreasetheheatlossfromenvelopeconstructionandimprovethecondensationphenomenon,newtypeofexternalwallsshouldbedesigned,thewallswithenoughheatresistanceandlowheatstoragecapacity.Itmeansthatsurfacetemperatureoftheenvelopeshouldriseassoonastheovenstartstoheating,anditisgoodforresolvingthecondensationandkeepingthestructuredry.Hencelight—weightinsulationmaterials(withlowerthermalcapacity,likestraw)shouldbeplacedinsidetheenvelope,andadded120cmbrickasaprotectionlayertoenhancethestructuralstrength.Itisprovedthatthelessthermalcapacityisthematerialthelessenergyisneededtoraisethetemperatureinsidethewall.
Howtoremovemoistureisamajorproblemofthestraw—basedcompositewall.Whentransferthroughthewall,vapormaygetdewedinside,andincreasethehumidityofthestrawpenal.Andanothernegativeresultofmoistureisbecomingputridastimegoeson.Thepracticalandeffectivemeasureisimprovingtheventilationofthecompositewall.Attheexternallayerofstrawaddairspaceandvertical/horizontalholes,andcoveredwithmosquitowiringatoutlet.Atthethermalbridges,suchascontinuousinsulationatwindowperimeter,wallcorners,wall—ceilingjunctionsandthejointofbetweenthewallandthefloor,shouldbenoted.
Thereareseveralpeculiarpartsshouldbenoted,thethermalbridges,suchascontinuousinsulationatwindowperimeter,wallcorners,wall—ceilingjunctionsandthejointofwallandfloor.Allthepartsmentionedshouldbebreaktocutoffthethermalbridge.
Anotherrenewableresource—ricehuskcouldbeuseinroofasheatinsulation,andthethicknessshouldbedesignedaccordingtoactualconditions.Inordertoenhancetheheatinsulationofwindow,itcanbeimprovedbothbytripleplasticglazingonthesouthanddoubleplasticglazingplusonelayerwoodframeglazinginsideonnorthwindow.Inaddition,heavycurtainshouldbeconsideredtokeeptheheatinsidetheroom.
Oneoftraditionalconstructionsofgroundistoputmortaronconcretecushionfloorandthenpavetheceramictile.AndtheimprovedmethodisaddingEPSboardinsulationlayertoraisetheabilityofenergyconservationandincreasethelivingcomfort.
C.Technologyofventilation
Duetothecoldweatherinwinter,thewindowsanddoorsareclosednearlythewhole,soastotheinnerairhardlychargeswithouterfreshair.Inaddition,whencooking,thesmokecanworsenthesituation,sincethelackofoxygen,thecombustionefficiencyofthestoveislow.Aboveproblemswillcauseinternalairpollutionandisharmtoresidents’health.Inthepast,theresidentskepttheentrancedooropentoventilating.
Inordertostrengthentheventilationinwinter,pipesthrillthroughcontractureswillleadfreshairintoindoorfromatticspace.Besidesimprovethelivingcomfort,itcanpreventthewallsfromgoingcondensation.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatoutertemperatureisbelow0℃,icingphenomenonattheouterventilatingpipeinatticspace.
KangisthetraditionalheatingwayoftheNortheast,ithasbenefitsforlivingcomfortandresidents’health,anditissupplybysurplusheatofcooking.Coalandstrawarethemainfuel.
V.Conclusion
ThoughtheGovernmentandexpertsareweddedtoenergysavingtechnologyofnewruralhouse,thestatusoflargeareaandpopulationcausethedevelopingprocessslow.Meanwhilethebackwardtechnologyandmaterial,thelackofenergysavingconceptarealsotheunfavorablefactorsofruralhouse.Accordingtotheanalysisofbuildinglayoutandfunctiondesign,envelopeconstructiontechnology,thefollowingconclusionsarereached:
•Reasonablebuildinglayoutshouldbetakenintonewruralhousedesign,itcanreducetheamountofheatdissipationsurfaces,suchassemi—detachedhouselayoutreplacesthetraditionaldetachedhouse.
•Properbuildingorientationisgoodforgatheringsolarenergy.
•Light—weightinsulationmaterials,whichhaslowerthermalcapacity,canbeusedastheinsidematerialofenvelope.Itcanimprovethethermalpropertyofenvelope,andimprovethelivingcomfort.
•Improvingventilationistheimportantmethodtomaintainthermalenvironment，andresolvethecondensationphenomenonoftheenvelope.
•Localresidentsshouldrealizethenecessityofenergyconservationofruralhousingandenvironmentalprotectionthroughtheexchangesandtechnicaldirections.
References
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[2]CuiYanqi.“AnalysisofEnergy—savingintheRuralHousingConstruction,”IndustrialConstruction.vol.40,pp.61–63,2010.
[3]LiangHaidong,KeShuling.“Researchonresidentiallivingenvironmentinnewruralbuilding,”JournalofAnhuiAgriSci.vol.38,pp.8554–8555,2008.
[4]WangFei,QinYonghui,XiaoXiaoxia.“OnEnergy—savingofhousesinnewruralconstruction,”ShanxiArchitecture.Jun.,2008.
[5]HuangDezhong,ShenJibao.“ReviewofBuildingEnergySavingTechnologies,”ACTAEnergialSolarisSinica.Vol.28,pp.682–688,Jun.,2007.
标签：大学论文; reducearchitecturalproperty论文; andevenaffectresidents论文;