A fter Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S.President Donald Trump met on the sidelines of the G20 Summit at the end of June in Osaka, Japan, and agreed to restart economic and trade consultations, trade tension between the two largest economies in the world glimpsed a ray of hope after the stalemate of the past couple of months since trade negotiations broke down in early May.
Where do current China-U.S. trade and economic relations stand and where are they heading? A group of prominent politicians,scholars and business leaders gathered in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) for a two-day forum themed U.S.-China Trade and Economic Relations: What Now, What Next on July 9-10, in an attempt to answer these questions.
Cohosted by two think tanks, the China Center for International Economic Exchanges(CCIEE) and the China-United States Exchange Foundation (CUSEF), the forum sought to review the status quo and explore the future prospects of China-U.S. trade and economic relations.
“It is timely that we get together at this moment,” said Tung Chee-hwa, the founder of CUSEF and former Chief Executive of Hong Kong SAR, during his opening speech on July 9. “People would say [it is] too soon after the meeting [of the two leaders], but this is exactly the point to discuss its impact and importance to all of us… to thoroughly discuss many important issues.”
What now?
With hundreds of participants from around the world, the forum coincided with the 40th anniversary of the establishment of China-U.S.diplomatic relations and strove to promote stronger relations by looking for ways to meet the current challenges and be a driving force for future cooperation and stability.
Tung Chee-hwa, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the founder of the China-United States Exchange Foundation, speaks at a forum on China-U.S. relations in Hong Kong on July 9
He soundly rejected this theory. “There is no Thucydides Trap in the world at all,” Zhou said. “For some time, there have been some voices in the U.S. that want to treat China as a major threat and even advocate a new cold war.If such voices triumph, it will have a very negative impact on China-U.S. relations.”
“I have seen how the cooperation between the two countries has expanded and been enhanced in many ways,” Zhou said. “When the countries established diplomatic relations in 1979, bilateral trade volume was less than$2.5 billion. In 2005, the number skyrocketed to $211.6 billion, while last year, the number increased to $633.5 billion.”
Now, China-U.S. relations have developed into the most important bilateral relation in the world. “The most important lesson from the 40-year history is that the two countries benefit from cooperation and lose from confrontation,”Zhou said.
部分糖尿病患者对疾病防治、合理用药重要性等认知不足，或者因为消极情绪，而为遵从医嘱进行疾病控制，影响了糖尿病治疗效果。毕贞水[4]调查发现，60岁以上老年糖尿病患者口服降糖药治疗依从性较差，依从性优良率不到50%，血糖达标率约80%。
Zhou Wenzhong, Vice President of the Sino-American Friendship Association and former Chinese ambassador to the U.S., recalled in his speech his work experience over the past 40 years. In the late 1970s, he was assigned to work in the Chinese embassy in Washington, D.C.and in 2005, he became China’s ambassador to the U.S. until 2010.
Ed Feulner, Chairman of the Asian Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, speaks at a forum on China-U.S.relations in Hong Kong on July 9
目前许多银行在信息化建设过程中，其多是将资金投放在硬件设备上面，在软件设备跟服务上面的资金投入相对比较少，这也就导致了计算机信息管理技术在银行中存在有整体运用效率不高的问题，也就制约了银行信息化管理的进一步发展。此外银行作为一个传统行业，其受到以往制度影响比较大，许多人还都习惯沿用传统的制度来进行银行管理工作，也就导致了计算机技术在银行管理应用过程中受到比较大的制约，也就无法获得良好的银行管理效果。
成立于1929年的中国营造学社标志了具有现代科学意义的中国自己的古代建筑史研究之发端[1]。而后1981祁英涛先生所著《怎样鉴定古建筑》，提出了“两查两比五定”的古建筑鉴定原则，建构了目前通行的我国文物建筑的年代谱系和宏观发展规律[2]，沿用至今。但该著作也具有其局限性——忽略了地域性对乡土建筑营造方式的影响，故本文试图以“两查两比五定”为行文结构，辨析旌义坊的建造年代，探讨乡土建筑的断代问题。
马约翰先生在1948年接待校刊记者时说：“我觉得体育的功效，最重要是培养人格，补充教育的不足，培养一种‘干、干、干！’的精神”他认为体育是教育的重要组成部分，培养全面发展人才的手段，运动场是培养学生品格极好的场所，培养青年们勇敢的精神，坚强的意志，自信心，进取心和争取胜利的决心。
Instead, he said the U.S. should adopt an“honest, direct and targeted” approach in engaging China.
Neil Bush, Chairman of the George H.W.Bush Foundation for U.S.-China Relations,echoed Zhou’s view. “China is not an economic enemy or existential national security threat to the United States,” he said, adding that demonizing China will lead the U.S. down a dangerous path.
Nevertheless, since 2017, there has been increasing conflict between the two countries in various fields including trade, politics, and science and technology. “Many have been wondering what is going wrong with China-U.S.relations. Have we fallen into the Thucydides Trap?” Zhou asked.
Former U.S. Ambassador to China Max Baucus said that the world’s top two economies are going to need each other more and more and he expected trade talks for new agreements to continue.
“Our economies are very intertwined.There’s no question about it,” Baucus said.“Protectionism will reduce the quality of life of Americans and Chinese. No question. The more we protect Americans, say add tariffs, the more American consumers and American businesses will have to pay,” he said.
Baucus said he hopes China-U.S. trade negotiations move forward and reach new agreements that “maybe even roll back some tariffs and certainly not impose new ones.”
Zeng Peiyan, Chairman of the CCIEE and former Vice Premier of the State Council of China, analyzed the deficit issue that the U.S.used as a weapon to start the conflict and listed many reasons why it is groundless.
The dominance of the U.S. dollar as an international currency is the major reason for the U.S. long-term trade deficit, he said,along with its domestic consumption and savings imbalance and its industrial restructuring adjustments.
Small businesses and consumers are also suffering from the trade war. He said that the prices of products like washing machines and dryers have already gone up. U.S.-imposed tariffs on Chinese goods have increased commodity prices and those prices are being passed on to consumers.
相对于正规金融而言，非正规金融在农村地区具有一定的优势，它在农村地区广泛存在并贯穿于农村经济发展过程中。随着正规金融从农村大量撤走和农村信用社的“商业化”，非正规金融在农村地区不断发展壮大，其对农村发展的经济效应也越来越大。但是，非正规金融是一把“双刃剑”，它在促进农村经济发展的同时，也给农村经济的发展带来了一些消极影响。对于农村非正规金融，绝不能一味地肯定或简单地否定，而是要“取其精华，去其糟粕”。
Stephen Roach, a senior fellow at the Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs, agreed with Zeng. “The U.S. trade deficit is tied more to the country’s own macroeconomic imbalances.We cannot address multilateral imbalances with over 100 countries by fixing the bilateral deficit with one country, China,” Roach said.
What next?
Jeff Moseley, President of the Texas Association of Business, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency on June 12 that he was optimistic about the prospect of China-U.S. economic cooperation since history has proven that bilateral cooperation can create tremendous gains. He reiterated his ideas at the forum.
Moseley revealed that China is Texas’ third largest trading partner. “We are enjoying strong investments from China in Texas, and we know that a lot of our companies are depending on the relationship,” he said. The southern U.S.state is hoping to attract even more Chinese investments in areas such as energy, agriculture,healthcare and technology.
But the tension between the two countries has already made an impact on business. “Texas is a hot destination for Chinese tourists but the number of Chinese tourism arrivals has declined in the past months,” Moseley lamented.
He also explained that the U.S. trade deficit with China is overestimated if calculated using the traditional method since a country’s exports include products from many other countries in the globalized division of labor.
Cao Derong, President of the China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce and Animal By-Products, China’s biggest international trade organization for food and agricultural products,shared some numbers and facts.
From 1995 to 2016, the U.S. was the biggest exporter of agricultural products to China.But in 2018, the U.S. export value to China decreased by 32.8 percent. With soybeans,for example, the U.S. is the second largest soybean producer, while China is the number one soybean market. It used to be a mutually beneficial relationship. But due to trade tension, in 2018, China’s import amount and value of U.S. soybeans decreased by nearly 50 percent. According to the American Soybean Association, both the futures price and the farmer gate price of U.S. soybeans are currently below their cost, bringing great loss to U.S. soybean farmers.
编辑部通讯地址：武汉市东湖高新区九峰一路201号(九峰一路与光谷七路路口以北)中科院武汉植物园内《植物科学学报》编辑部
“irecently attended the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress in Miami, Florida,” Cao said.“Participants from across the world expressed their concern and objection to trade protectionism and their support of free trade.”
Cao predicted, “If the trade conflict continues, American agricultural products will undoubtedly lose their Chinese market.”
近年来，我公司研制生产的型号产品主要包括宇航系列发射平台、导弹武器地面设备等，各型号产品中很多零部件产品由于使用环境特殊，对产品表面硬度（淬硬层）或局部硬度（淬硬层）有特殊要求，所以需要对产品表面或局部进行表面淬火。但因中高频感应淬火感应器制作难以满足形状较为复杂的淬火部位（如图1所示产品淬火部位燕尾槽、S形槽形状），且采用目前公司内表面淬火方法不容易保证产品淬硬层深度1mm左右的技术要求。
The negotiations between the two countries should be regarded as an opportunity to reach the “shared goal” of remodeling and upgrading the economic relationship between the two sides, said Ed Feulner, Chairman of the Asian Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, during the forum.
“The world economy for the next 50 years is going to be impacted by the Chinese and American economies,” Feulner said. “We have to work together and I think we are on track to start doing that.” n
给高血压病人推荐一套“醒脑宁神操”，通过相关的经络及穴位按摩，可以达到头脑清醒、精神放松、疏通气血、平稳降压的功效。
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
Comments to yuanyuan @bjreview.com
标签：银行论文; 产品论文; 金融论文; 也就论文; 农村论文; 政治论文; 法律论文; 外交论文; 国际关系论文; 中国外交论文; 对外关系论文; 《BeijingReview》2019年第29期论文;