The author is a research fellow with the China Institute of International Studies
Entrusted by U.S. President Donald Trump, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo visited Jordan, Iraq, Egypt,Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates(UAE), Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Oman in early January, just weeks after Trump’s announcement that the U.S. will withdraw its troops from Syria. Pompeo skipped a scheduled stop in Kuwait due to personal reasons.
The whirlwind tour was intended to consolidate Trump’s Middle East policy and ensure that U.S. strategic objectives can be achieved, such as restoring relations with allies, reaffirming the U.S. presence in the region and reclaiming the commitment to leading and helping allied countries to maintain economic security and fight terrorism. Hence, this means a U.S.-centered relationship in the Middle East, with Iran—that has been accused of supporting terrorism and destabilizing the region—as their common target.
计算机信息化系统可以提供全面预算管理、业绩评价指标数据的自动获取和计算、考核结果的兑现等等管理功能提升的一整套解决方案。为了防止人为干预业绩的方式，可以通过ERP系统、财务共享服务设计等实现会计核算结果的自动生成，让核算人员和被考核主体分离，同时取消手工凭证，所有的经济行为都从终端纳入系统管理。即使有作假行为也会被监督人员及时发现和纠正。设计可以量化的KPI指标，让信息系统实现KPI指标基础数据的自动获取和计算，并把计算结果和薪酬系统及人力资源系统对接，且整个过程和规则透明，让被考核者自己就清楚自己的考核结果，实现考核的公开、公正。
The U.S. needs intensive coordination and communication to eliminate obstacles to working with its allies in the region. It seeks to promote U.S.-led regional stability in the Middle East and at the same time,block the presumed “malicious” influence of Iran.
水轮发电机组遇到故障而紧急停机时，在导叶迅速关闭的情况下，由于惯性作用水流将继续向下游流去，这就使得转轮室内产生真空。在转轮室尾水压差的作用下，尾水将反向流至转轮室对叶片和支持盖进行冲击，并产生较大的冲击力，出现抬机现象，可能造成机组的破坏性事故。为有效避免上述事故的发生，需要使用真空破坏阀用于补气，以便对水轮发电机组进行高效保护。
Iran is another matter of great concern to the Trump administration. It believes that the Islamic revolutionary government is determined to subvert other state powers and poses a threat to regional stability. The U.S. accuses Iran of financing and supporting non-state militant actors, such as the Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen. Iran, on the other hand, considers these groups to be national liberation movements with the right to self-defense.Thus, the U.S. seeks to mobilize all of its Middle East allies in an attempt to build a strategic alliance in the region to jointly contain and crack down on Iran. Pompeo’s visit may help contribute to the consolidation of this anti-Iranian alliance.
Syrian issue
The U.S. also plans to form an Arab military force that is acceptable to both Turkey and Syria in the border areas of the two countries, separating the Kurdish armed forces from the Turkish army. However,this plan has been proposed for some time,and the implementation details are still under discussion.
1.2.3 RTCA增殖实验 RTCA(Real Time Cellular Analysis)中文名为实时细胞分析技术。可实现实时、动态的对细胞进行定量分析，可用于追踪细胞增殖、迁移和浸润。本实验采用xCELLigence RTCA DP(model:3×16)仪器，实验开始前RTCA机器整体置于5%CO2 37℃细胞培养箱内，待RTCA机器温度与培养箱内一致方可开始实验。
The Trump administration claims it wants to build a safe border for all political parties in Syria and its neighbors after the U.S. withdrawal, not only for Turks and Kurds, but also Arabs and Christians, and to create a place where there is no violence,or at least reduced levels of violence,where displaced people will be able to return home. This is basically an ideal goal,and it is hard to believe that Trump will focus on achieving it, but he may urge Arab allies to find ways to maintain relative order in Syria.
The Trump administration, along with its allies, aims to propose its own solution to the Syrian civil war. During his trip, Pompeo discussed how to solve various perceived problems such as Iran’s influence on Syria and Russia’s involvement. However, it is hard for the U.S. to achieve its goal, since neither Syrian President Bashar al-Assad,Iran or Russia will be willing to follow U.S.plans. Other political factions in Syria,including U.S. Kurdish partners, are not capable of changing the political landscape by themselves. Therefore, it can basically be regarded as a long-term goal that is unlikely to be realized in one simple visit.
Pompeo declared that “the U.S. will not retreat until the fight against terror is over,”but in the meantime acknowledged that Trump has made the decision to withdraw 2,000 U.S. troops from Syria. “We always do (withdraw) and now is the time. But this isn’t a change of mission,” he said. “We remain committed to the complete dismantling of the ISIS threat and the ongoing fight against radical Islamism in all of its forms.” He also stated that any withdrawal is “condition-based,” including the defeat of the ISIS, the protection of its Kurdish partners and the assurance that Iran will not increase its influence in the region.
罗马的风光虽然并没有人传说的那么美，但由于我早有心理准备，所以并不感觉过分的失望。生命中比预想要糟糕的事随处可见。在这样古老而繁华的大城市中，人又怎么能只有一种感觉呢？
Confronting Iran
So, to what extent did Pompeo achieve these objectives?
The Trump administration is particularly concerned about Iran’s support for Iraq’s Shiite militia and has decided to rally its Sunni allies such as Saudi Arabia to help maintain the “independence” and “sovereignty” of the new Iraqi Government and keep it from falling under Iranian influence.This U.S. plan, which also involves a variety of economic means, coincides with the intentions of Saudi Arabia and other Sunni countries, and it’s highly probable that it will advance through coordinated actions.
The Trump administration regards the Iranian Government’s recent move of arresting U.S citizens as especially reprehensible. The U.S. State Department established a team to free these detainees,requiring its Arab allies, especially Oman,to provide assistance. There is reason to believe that these efforts will be enhanced in the coming period.
Pompeo also discussed with Sunni allies providing economic and financial support to the Iranian people to rebel against the Iranian Government in the hope of establishing a change of guard. This has been the Trump administration’s plan all along and is believed to have already been put into action. Concerted efforts between the U.S. and its allies may escalate actions for this purpose.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo (left) and Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi hold a joint press conference in Amman, Jordan, on January 8
除唱片(专辑)音乐、数字音乐、演唱会音乐外，还有近年来逐渐兴起的音乐选秀节目。2004年《超级女声》开启了“选秀时代”，随之而来的《中国好声音》、《我是歌手》、《天籁之声》等节目，获得经济效益与社会效益的双赢。同时，也掀起一阵音乐产业的“狂热风”。综艺音乐将音乐与电视艺术相结合，成为音乐产业独特的展现出音乐产业发展的趋式。在热播的综艺节目中，音乐类节目占具重要份额。然而，大批量选秀音乐节目的涌现，导致节目质量下降、复制跟风、创造力严重匮乏等问题。
Regional relations
Another challenge is the relationship between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Pompeo reassured Saudi Arabian leaders of their country’s importance to the U.S. as one of its key partners in the Middle East, second only to Israel. He pointed out that the two countries share common strategic objectives in anti-Iranian and counter-terrorist matters, and called for strengthening joint efforts in the future.
By proposing a safe zone on the Syrian-Turkish border, Trump seeks to ensure the Kurdish militia—a U.S. ally in the anti-ISIS campaign seen as a terrorist group by Turkey—will be protected. Trump warned Turkey to stop its actions against Kurdish rebels or face severe economic sanctions.A safe zone in north Syria, which has not been agreed upon by any of the players,is a U.S. plan to maintain stability in the region after its troops withdraw from Syria,and will certainly be opposed by Assad. The progress of this issue will depend on the results of negotiations between the U.S.,Turkey, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
The two sides exchanged views regarding Saudi Arabia’s human rights issues,which are of international concern, especially the protection of journalists after the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi and the investigation and accountability of those involved in the case, as well as the suppression of women’s rights by the Saudi Arabian Government.
Although Saudi Arabia declared it would work with the United States on these issues, it is believed that it will only pretend to relax the open and direct repression of dissidents. It will never loosen control and put its monarchy at risk.
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)crisis is another headache for Trump. He hopes to see a united GCC where Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and Bahrain resolve their disputes with Qatar and stop blockading it. The GCC split has weakened the joint efforts of the U.S. and the Sunni Arab countries against Iran. The U.S. is willing to provide assistance to help them reconcile and reunite.
However, the conflicts are intense and unlikely to be resolved soon. Although a softening of tone against Qatar can be expected with U.S. mediation, a complete lifting of the blockade is unlikely any time soon. With the restoration of GCC unity improbable, the U.S. attempt to unite them in its fight against Iran will not be fully realized.
To summarize, Pompeo’s trip to the Middle East will, to a certain extent, help implement some aspects of the Trump administration’s Mideast policy, but it will prove more difficult for the U.S. to achieve all of its goals. ■
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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