The author is an associate researcher with the European Institute at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
T his year's European Parliament election faced much higher political risks, as the European Union (EU) is in the midst of both internal and external diffi culties. From May 23 to 26, the 28 EU member countries voted in what was viewed as a duel between mainstream political parties and populist parties, with the latter making some advances, but not as much as predicted.
Made up of 751 members, the parliament held its ninth election since 1979,when direct elections were fi rst adopted on a fi ve-year basis. Voter turnout surpassed 50 percent, reversing the past declining rate.
As the representative of 500 million EU citizens, the European Parliament is more signifi cant than ever and its increasing power will enable the organ to play a more vital role in the EU's legislation and future. One reason for the wide attention given to this election was that many believe its results will be closely related to the selection of the new president of the European Commission.
Party patterns
Overall, the results of the election did not exceed expectations and continued the current trend of political party development in Europe.
Center-right and center-left mainstream parties were challenged, losing some seats.In many member countries, this election was regarded as the touchstone of local or national elections. Citizens voted as a way of expressing support for or dissatisfaction with their current governments, causing mainstream parties to lose votes. As of June 4, the European People's Party (EPP) and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D), the two largest political groups in the EU, secured 179 and 153 seats respectively. For the first time in the parliament's history, the two major political groups were unable to garner 50 percent of the seats as the gap between big and small political groups was narrowed.
Another option that has emerged is to reject the EU's austerity policy, arguing that it exacerbated member states' economic diffi culties and burdened their welfare systems.Thus, more voters have begun to turn to leftwing parties.
The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and the Group of the Greens, a party coalition focusing on environmental issues, gained more strength, winning 105 seats and 74 seats,respectively. République en Marche, led by French President Emmanuel Macron, entered the parliament for the first time and joined the ALDE, which boosted the group's number of seats. The German Green Party won 22 percent of the vote, second only to German Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats. The Greens also saw gains in France, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and other member states.
The strain between the market and society offered a basis for the advancement of populist forces. To cope with economic globalization, EU member countries hoped to form a new border through regional integration to protect themselves and strike a balance between society and the economy.However, it turned out that political power and social progress cannot stop the progressively expanding market.
一是模式先进上市早。在全国率先建设县级马铃薯组织培养中心，年产脱毒种薯2000万吨，脱毒良种普及率达到100%。首创拱棚高效栽培技术，双膜、三膜、四膜栽培面积达到40万亩，推广使用配色地膜、秸秆生物反应堆、水肥一体化、病虫害绿色防控等技术，真正实现生态高效。滕州马铃薯于4月中旬开始陆续上市，比露天地栽培提早45天以上，填补国内市场空白，抢占市场先机，滕州成为全国春马铃薯的价格形成中心。马铃薯单产水平持续提升，2017年最高亩产达7.9吨，在全国树立了“亩产万斤薯、千斤粮，产值过万元”的高产高效典型。
Reasons and background
是人兽共患疾病,女性被感染后往往无症状,妊娠后可导致流产。但Simpson认为上述微生物的感染都不是引起复发性流产的主要原因,因此TORCH筛查在复发性流产的诊治中价值有限[9]。
From a panoramic view, the pattern of political parties in the European Parliament was more fragmented, which coincided with the overall political development trend across Europe. Traditional big parties no longer exist; instead, a new political system consists of a combination of two or three medium-size parties along with three to five small ones. This multi-party system is increasingly flexible, as the integration of and splits in political parties proceed simultaneously.
Against such a backdrop, one option put forth by ultra-right forces is the reinforcement of borders to stop the influx of immigrants. More people, egged on by these nationalist forces, are blaming immigrants for social problems such as unemployment, high criminal rates and moral decline.Support for populist parties will continue as the EU economic slump, the pains of structural reforms, the refugee crisis and the threat of terrorism persist.
综上所述，变风量系统实际上是一个可借助互联网技术为各舱室提供个性化温控需求并节省能耗的空调系统。随着相关领域的不断发展，空调系统会变得更加灵活、舒适、节能。
The pattern of European political parties has become more decentralized and fragmented in recent years, while the populist forces have continued to rise. The Brexit Party took 31.71 percent of the vote and was the winner in the UK, gaining more seats than the Labor and Conservative parties combined. The League in Italy and the French National Rally gained 33.64 percent and 23.54 percent, respectively, ranking number one in their respective countries.The Five Star Movement from Italy got 16.65 percent and the Alternative for Germany gained 10.8 percent. Moreover, some populist parties won seats for the fi rst time.However, due to the instability in policies and ideology, it is still not clear how or if populist parties will work together.
Manfred Weber (left), leader of the European People's Party, speaks at the European Parliament headquarters in Brussels on May 27
The political platforms and policies of the traditional center-left and center-right parties have become increasingly similar, leaving political space for the emergence of other parties. Traditional parties that were supposed to express the will of the voters were institutionalized as part of the system, losing their connection with their constituents and drifting away from voters.
今天是八月十五中秋节，是亲人们团圆的日子。可是我的爸爸和爷爷因为工作原因不能和我们一起吃团圆饭，所以今年的中秋节跟往常一样，只有我和奶奶、妈妈一起吃晚餐。
Nevertheless, the EPP, the S&D, the ALDE and the Greens, all supporting EU integration, accounted for the majority in the newly elected legislature.
Populists, in a sensationalist way, raise many issues of concern to voters, which are the weak links in mainstream parties. The surge of populist parties is the result of the European political pattern and is set to pose new challenges to the latter.
四是全面推进水生态文明建设，着力提高节水型社会建设水平。组织开展好水生态文明城市创建工作，加快泰沂山区等水土流失严重地区治理步伐。全面推行计划用水管理，严格控制区域用水总量，努力提高用水效率。确保万元工业增加值用水量比2010年下降21%，农田灌溉水利用系数达到0.629，重要水功能区水质达标率达到50%以上。
Future impact
Many people lost trust in traditional parties to represent their interests. Meanwhile,populist parties exploited the wedge between common people and elites and won support through demagogic slogans. For instance, the ultra-right League in Italy argued that Italian culture was being destroyed and it was a must to safeguard the national traditions and cultures of every region. The party argued that immigrants in Italy should assimilate, saying that such a policy is an effective way to avoid frictions and protect personal safety.
Votes were scattered rather than concentrated in this election, resulting in the decline of big parties and the surge of small ones,which to some extent reflected a divided EU society. The populist parties emerged as a result of changes in EU politics, economy and society.
In the decision-making process of the European Parliament, different procedures require different parliamentary majorities.No political group reached a simple majority on its own, let alone an absolute majority.Therefore, they will have to form alliances to pass their proposals. Currently, there are no fixed alliances in the parliament, since parties form different alliances based on policy areas.
王婆常常听他们这一类人说“死”说“活”……她也想死是应该，于是安静下去，用她昨夜为着泪水所浸蚀的眼睛观察那熟人急转的面孔。终于她接受了！那人从囊中取出来的所有小本子，和像黑点一般的小字充满在上面的零散的纸张，她全接受了！另外还有发亮的小枪一支也递给王婆。那个人急忙着要走，这时王婆又不自禁地问：
What can be anticipated is that the EPP and the S&D may possibly work together more, especially when confronted with populist parties. The ALDE may sometimes join this alliance. However, due to the fragmentation of its party structure, the newly elected parliament will face increased uncertainty in the future. For instance, EU reform will be more challenging as the centerright EPP is inclined to austerity plans, while the center-left S&D supports stimulating growth. In terms of trade, negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the U.S. are more difficult.The ALDE's status as a kingmaker will be further consolidated and it will be expected to play a vital role in the appointment of the new European Commission president.
Although populist parties gained more seats, there are many restrictions on their actual impact. They differ greatly from each other and so do their ideologies and policy pursuits. The Europe of Nations and Freedom Group, for example, has different views among its own members on many issues such as sanctions against Russia, a single digital market and the development of nuclear energy.
The European Parliament's rules of procedure also limit the role of populist parties or groups, which have often been excluded from alliances by mainstream party groups.As a result, their anti-European integration proposals have been diffi cult to pass.
There should be a cautious attitude toward populist parties. They may cynically dominate public opinion and obstruct the passage of some bills. Moreover, issues of concern to populist parties entered the discourse of major parties and have now become their policy focuses. For example,some mainstream parties have turned more conservative toward immigration issues.The rise of populist parties in the European Parliament is a sign that they have developed into a political force that should not be underestimated in European politics. In the long run, if the populist parties' power continues to mount, it will not only impact the political structure of member states but also the EU's political operation. ■
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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