巴基斯坦区域和社会对气候变化的应对与减缓对策研究

论文摘要

本论文以巴基斯坦为研究对象,通过大量区域社会和经济资料收集,结合问卷调查,研究了全球气候变化对巴基斯坦区域社会、经济的影响,从人口、资源和社会经济等多方面研究了巴基斯坦对全球气候变化的适应性,揭示了全球气候变化对巴基斯坦各个方面影响的社会、经济等因素,提出了应对全球气候变化的适应性和减缓作用的对策,为巴基斯坦在气候变化条件下社会和经济发展提供了参考。研究表明,全球气候变化造成的破坏在南亚地区尤为明显,该地区居民对气候变化的应对能力脆弱,气候变化适应能力和减缓意识极低。由于贫困率高,财政资源有限和物质资源短缺,巴基斯坦的适应能力低,气候灾害频繁发生,如气温变化,持续性洪水,冰川融化,湖泊饱和,地震,飓风,风暴,雪崩,干旱,缺水,虫害,人类健康问题。季节和生活方式的变化一直威胁着生态系统,生物多样性,人类社区,动物栖息地,森林,土地和海洋,未来可能造成进一步的破坏。即使巴基斯坦对全球温室气体排放贡献微弱,然而气候变化对巴基斯坦普通居民的影响可能非常大,当地动物物种如狮子,秃鹫,海豚和乌龟也濒临灭绝。气候变化的主要原因是人类干预及工业发展,交通,城市扩张,能源生产和消费,农业活动,废物管理不当,土地利用变化和林业活动(LUC&F)引起的温室气体(GHG)排放。所有这些都对巴基斯坦各地区和省份的气候变化产生了重大影响。研究表明巴基斯坦的各个地区在气候变化中都发挥了越来越大的作用,但由于缺乏关注,农村,城郊和小城市的情况最糟糕。此外,区域层面气候变化的影响程度是可区分的,这与不同地区的气候,地形及生产方式有直接关系。因此,识别信息差距,提高警觉水平,以及制定各部门的预防措施势在必行。本研究调查了温室气体排放对农林牧业天气趋势和模式,食物水和能源安全以及巴基斯坦社会各部门的影响,重点关注气候变化减缓和适应方法及其经济影响,因为其成本已超过每年70亿至140亿美元。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
•   1.1 Historical Background of Climate Change and its remedial approaches
•   1.2 Significance of research and its key objectives
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
•   2.1 Current scenario of Climate Change occurrence in Pakistan
•   2.2 Overview of GHG emissions across various prominent sectors
•     2.2.1 GHG emissions through energy and power sector
•     2.2.2 Industrial and manufacturing related GHG emissions
•     2.2.3 GHG emissions generated from transport sector
•     2.2.4 Urbanization and development based GHG emissions
•     2.2.5 GHG emissions through agriculture & livestock related activities
•     2.2.6 Emissions of GHG through waste and its improper management
•     2.2.7 GHG discharges through Land use, changes & forestry （LUC&F）
•   2.3 Societal and economic effects of climate change
•     2.3.1 Effects of climate change on agriculture, livestock & forestry
•     2.3.2 Changes in food and energy security caused by climate
•     2.3.3 Societal variation attributed by climate change
•     2.3.4 Effects of climate change on weather pattern
•   2.4 Approaches and techniques of climate change Adaptation and mitigation
•     2.4.1 Economical context of Adaptation &　Mitigation
•     2.4.2 CPEC related emissions and abatement propositions
•     2.4.3 Development of carbon capture and sequestration
• Chapter 3 Research methodology and approaches
•   3.1 The area of research and its geographical location
•   3.2 Methods and techniques of Data collection
•   3.3 Provincial and divisional distribution of respondents
•   3.4 Data analysis techniques and modeling
• Chapter 4 Divisional disparities on climate change adaptation & mitigation in Punjab
•   4.1 Climate change disparities and divisional gaps
•   4.2 Local perceptions about sectorial effects and vulnerabilities
•     4.2.1 Demographic profile of study sample
•     4.2.2 Sectorial effect and intensity on climate
•     4.2.3 Vulnerabilities and impacts of climate change
•     4.2.4 Demographic judgment about sectorial impact on climate
•     4.2.5 Academic judgment on sectorial impacts of climate change
•     4.2.6 Age wise perspective on climate change impacts
•   4.3 Awareness about climate change
•     4.3.1 Changes of weather pattern over the years
•     4.3.2 Have you ever studied environment
•     4.3.3 Climate change importance in whole Punjab and its divisions
•   4.4 Climate change measures
•     4.4.1 Sectorial measures intensity of climate change
•     4.4.2 Have you ever taken any action for climate change measure?
•     4.4.3 Responsible bodies on taking Climate change measures
•   4.5 Summary
• Chapter 5 Regional and sectoral assessment on climate change inPakistan
•   5.1 Assessment of climate change with regional and sectorial context
•   5.2 Social norms and indigenous perceptions on climate change impacts
•     5.2.1 Demographic profile of the study sample
•     5.2.2 Factors contributing most to climate change
•     5.2.3 Awareness about changes in weather pattern over the years
•     5.2.4 Importance of climate change
•     5.2.5 Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures
•     5.2.6 Diverse impacts of climate change in Pakistan
•   5.3 Summary
• Chapter 6 Major Conclusions and innovation
•   6.1 Regional and divisional disparities on climate change causes and effects
•   6.2 Sectorial evaluation of climate change adaptation & mitigation measures
•   6.3 Strategic policy suggestions on measures against climate change
•   6.4 Innovations
• References
• Appendix
•   List of figures
•   List of tables
• Acknowledgements
• The applicant Profile
•   1. Award during doctoral degree
•   2. Research publications

文章来源

类型: 博士论文

作者: Mudassar Hussain

导师: 刘桂建

关键词: 气候变化,适应,减轻,部门影响,温室气体排放

来源: 中国科学技术大学

年度: 2019

分类: 基础科学,社会科学Ⅰ辑

专业: 气象学,中国政治与国际政治

单位: 中国科学技术大学

分类号: P467;D735.3

总页数: 190

文件大小: 13431K

下载量: 100