T he Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crash in March that claimed 157 lives was a second blow for leading U.S. large aircraft maker Boeing as it was the second mishap featuring its Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft in eight months. The Lion Air Flight 610 that went down in Indonesia last October also featured the same model.
Since the crashes, which triggered a global grounding of the aircraft, Boeing is now caught in a battle of words between the United States and the European Union(EU).
It started with a tweet by U.S. President Donald Trump on April 9. “The World Trade Organization finds that the European Union subsidies to Airbus has [sic] adversely impacted the United States, which will now put tariffs on $11 billion of EU products!”Trump tweeted.
In a countermeasure, the European Commission (EC) on April 17 published a list of U.S goods worth $20 billion, threatening to impose retaliatory tariffs over the U.S. Government’s subsidies to Boeing.
In the view of Dong Yifan, a research fellow with the Beijing-based China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, the U.S. move is nothing but a repetition of its old tricks.
检验检测中心要努力探索，找问题、挖隐患，消除监测抽检风险。在制定抽样监测工作方案时，以查找问题为主导，多抽检基层市场的散装食品，在采样时，多采“三小”行业生产的食品，特别注意把群众消费量大的食品品种、高风险品种、新批准原料生产的品种、通过其他渠道已经发现问题的品种等作为抽检监测的重点。同时积极探索新的抽检监测方式，集中力量确定若干重点食品品种，有针对性地加大抽检频次，并定期跟踪。同时，强化监管整改措施，倒逼企业加强自检送检，集中精力解决了一批风险隐患问题，树立一批放心食品品牌[2]。
Since the two sides have not made any progress in trade talks since last August,the United States turned to its old tactic of threatening additional tariffs to force the EU to return to the negotiating table, Dong said.
因此，现代医学模式不仅仅是科学医学而是科学医学与社会学的综合，是一个系统工程。建立与完善现代医学模式需要结合中国国情，走中国特色之路[11]。坚持以人为本，不仅关注患者身体疾病的生物学治疗，更应关注患者的心理健康和社会环境、生活方式对健康的影响，关注人与环境的和谐统一[12-13]，根据疾病谱的变化和经济发展状况合理构建与完善医疗保健体系。
It is also a ploy to offset the market turmoil Boeing faces by attacking its competitor Airbus, Dong added.
Different views
The dispute over subsidies to Boeing and Airbus has been at the World Trade Organization (WTO) for years in arbitration,starting in 2004. Although the WTO said in its final ruling on March 28 that the U.S.subsidy is illegal, the two sides interpreted it differently.
“Our ultimate goal is to reach an agreement with the EU to end all WTO-inconsistent subsidies to large civil aircraft,”U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said on April 8. “When the EU ends these harmful subsidies, the additional U.S. duties imposed in response can be lifted.”
The EU’s interpretation was that it had the “ final victory,” vindicating its “long held position that the United States has taken no steps to comply with WTO rules on [its]support to Boeing.”
Xin Hua, a professor with Shanghai International Studies University, called the U.S. action premeditated to force the EU to make concessions in bilateral trade and further open its markets to U.S. goods and services, since it is dissatisfied with the EU policies supporting the core industries in European countries.
郭启明气喘吁吁地跑回女友的宿舍，关小美还在酣睡。他渐渐冷静下来，内心却被恐惧紧紧包围！他悄悄潜进关小美的屋里，把行凶的刀子塞到床板下，然后换了身衣服坐在一边发呆。听到院子里人声嘈杂，关小美被惊醒，她拉开窗帘，发现院子里有很多人，她问郭启明：“怎么来了那么多警察？”郭启明紧张地说：“警察来了，来抓我了……我刚刚抢银行了……”
However, the two sides won’t let the threats develop into an actual trade war,Xin said, calling it a game of litigation within the WTO, which might be resolved by negotiation.
In fact, senior officials on both sides are reluctant to see the additional tariffs implemented and hope to find a mutually beneficial solution.
当出现水工环地质问题时，会严重影响到水工环地质勘察效果。在水工环地质勘察中，环境条件一般比较复杂，在实际的勘察过程中还会受到各种因素的影响。所以在进行地质勘察时，必须合理应用相关技术，以确保勘察数据的真实性和准确性，使其能够将水文地质条件、工程地质条件等客观地反映出来。针对水工环地质勘察过程中可能出现的问题，要采取相应措施对其进行预防。尤其要充分考虑可能出现的地质灾害，保证水工环地质勘察项目能够顺利实施。此外，在勘察过程中获取的数据以及相关的评估依据等，应对其进行分类整合，为后续的勘察工作提供充足的参考依据，使水工环地质勘察过程中存在的问题得到有效解决。
The United States called the ruling a“major win” since the WTO has rejected 28 other EU claims. It also said thefinal ruling proves that the EU’s subsidies to Airbus far exceed its subsidies to Boeing. Washington has seized that as an excuse to try to slap tariffs on EU goods covering Airbus planes as well as cheese, wine and motorcycles.
姬皓婷的文章《那又怎么样》，给我们提供了一条做人的好经验。为点小事争得面红脖子粗，甚至口出狂言，动手动脚，不值得。做事要把握底线，坚持原则，为真理而争气。让人一步自己宽。宽容、大度，能避免好多不必要的事端，使我们的社会变得和谐美好。
On the other side of the Atlantic,European Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmstrom replied that Brussels doesn’t want a tit-for-tat. She said, “While we need to be ready with countermeasures in case there is no other way out, I still believe that dialogue is what should prevail between important partners such as the EU and the United States, including in bringing an end to this long-standing dispute.” She added that “the EU remains open to discussions with the United States, provided they are without preconditions and aim at a fair outcome.”
Negotiations will start following the European Council’s vote on April 15 to do so. But the recent tariff dispute has cast a shadow over the prospect of the talks.
Through the trade talks the EU expects to eliminate tariffs on its industrial products and remove regulatory barriers. But Trump has publicly threatened on many occasions to impose tariffs on EU cars exported to the United States. So it is uncertain how the two sides will bridge their differences.
Transatlantic trade talks
The two sides hold different views on WTO regulations, Dong said. The EU respects the WTO dispute resolution system and its countermeasures were taken under the WTO framework. The Trump administration, on the contrary, has expressed disdain for the system and treated it with contempt while initiating trade frictions with many countries such as Canada,Russia and China.
The resources and energy invested in the negotiations may be limited. The United States is still negotiating with China and Japan, while the EU has its internal agenda such as the installation of a new EC and the election of the European Parliament. These may affect the continuity of the trade talks, Dong said.
Ironically, it praised the WTO ruling this time, using it as an excuse to threaten more tariffs. If the United States loses its patience again, it might become a real friction similar to the aluminum tariff case last year, Dong said.
EU trade ministers hold an informal meeting in Bucharest, Romania, on February 22. European Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom threatened that the EU will end trade negotiations with the United States if the latter imposes tariffs on car imports from the EU
There are several structural differences between the two sides, Dong said.Malmstrom has made it clear that agricultural products would not be part of the talks. The EU has also stressed that trade talks will not get off the ground until the United States lifts its previous tariffs on the bloc’s metal exports. It said it would unilaterally suspend negotiations if the United States imposes any more trade restrictions.
France, the only EU member that voted against the trade talks, is concerned about the potential impact of the talks on the EU’s agricultural market as well as its standards.
High levels of uncertainty
The WTO lowered its forecast for this year’s global trade growth to 2.6 percent from 3.7 percent on April 2, factoring in the rising trade tensions which emerged last year.WTO Director General Roberto Azevedo warned, “Trade cannot play its full role in driving growth when we see such high levels of uncertainty.”
Against this backdrop, Zhou Hua, a professor with the Shanghai-based Tongji University, said the disputes between the EU and the United States would have a domino effect, expanding negative impacts to other economies as well. The already slowing global growth will find it hard to withstand trade risks. A further deterioration in U.S.-EU trade relations or a tariff war would seriously undermine investor confidence and may worsen the world economy.
观察组44例泌尿外科患者的男女性别各占例数分别为21例、23例;平均年龄值(47.51±0.21)岁,年龄上限值65岁,下限值23岁。
According to an analysis by the EC, a trade agreement between the EU and the United States to eliminate tariffs on industrial products by 2033 would increase EU exports to the United States by 8 percent,about 27 billion euros ($30.3 billion), and U.S. exports to the EU by 9 percent, about 26 billion euros ($29.2 billion). This may, to a certain degree, help solve the problems global trade faces.
中午,卢一平早早来到食堂,打好饭,找张桌子坐下。刚坐下,几个年轻人从门外闯进来了。见到卢一平,吵吵嚷嚷地围上来,有夺饭碗的,有夺筷子的。不夺的,也是附在卢一平耳畔嚷。卢主席,别吃啦。我们到小餐厅吃吧,有人请啦！
Escalating trade frictions between the two sides will also affect the stability of transatlantic relations and their cooperation on international affairs, Wang Yong,a professor on international studies with Peking University, said. ■
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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