The fashionable Rabbit God has become an ambassador for Beijing.
D URING the Mid-Autumn Festival the whole family gathers together for a reunion meal according to ancient Chinese customs.After the meal, families offer prayers and enjoy looking at the moon together. In Beijing and the surrounding area, the ritual of worshiping the moon and offering moon cakes, melons, and other sacrifices has been observed. In addition, people also pay respects to a clay figurine of the Rabbit God to pray for peace and good luck.
企业要想保证正常的经营与发展必须保持充足的现金流。现金流是始终贯穿企业的各项经营环节，更是保证企业生产与发展的重要源泉。因此，即必须以资金管理为抓手，实现对财务风险的动态化监管。例如：企业应站在全局的发展角度，对现金流进行科学而合理的分配和使用；进一步完善企业的财务预算管理机制。另外，企业还必须加大对应收账款的管理，加快资金的回笼。
The Rabbit God is in the shape of a rabbit-man.In Chinese mythology, there is a rabbit that lived on the moon. Every day it made herbal medicine for the Queen Mother of the West. One year, a serious epidemic broke out in Beijing and many people were brought to the verge of death. In the face of such a crisis, the rabbit transformed itself into a human,came down, and cured the people, saving Beijingfrom eminent disaster. Out of their appreciation for what the rabbit had done, the people made clay figures with the head of a rabbit and the body of a human each year during the Mid-Autumn Festival and worshiped it. This folk tradition has existed for centuries. In 2009, the handcraft of making clay Rabbit God figurines was included into the list of Beijing’s intangible cultural heritage.
Scan the QR code to watch the making of the Rabbit God.
Folk Traditions
The origins of the Rabbit God can be traced back to ancient traditions of moon worship. In Chinese mythology, Chang’e, or the Goddess of the Moon,lived in a moon palace with a jade rabbit and an osmanthus tree. For this reason, in Chinese culture,Chang’e, the jade rabbit, and the osmanthus tree can all be used as metaphors for the moon. Later, beginning from the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911),the symbol of the jade rabbit gradually developed its own significance. It evolved further artistically and personified, finally reaching a fixed image having the head of a rabbit and body of a human, wearing armor, banners on its back, and holding a mallet for grinding herbal medicine in its hands, usually also riding an auspicious animal.
本文通过被解释变量滞后一期的显著性、AR（1）检验、AR（2）检验以及Sargan检验来判断动态面板模型设定的合理性和科学性。表2所示的估计结果显示，所有模型的被解释变量滞后一期均显著为负，反映出产业升级具有延续性和动态性。通过Sargan检验、AR（1）检验和AR（2）检验，我们知道该模型所选择的工具变量是有效的，而动态面板模型的设定是科学合理的［20］。
Being passionate about making clay figurines, Hu soon discovered that many local Beijing people liked Rabbit God clay figurines. Since there was a lack of artisans who could make them, he began to learn the techniques of the handcraft, collecting materials and pictures on them and learning from experienced artists. The more he learned about the craft, the more he came to like this cute little rabbit.
Hu’s Rabbit God products can be divided into two categories. One is the figurine of the traditional design: the immortal creature looks imposing, riding on the back of culturally auspicious animals like a yellow tiger, white elephant, or Qilin (a mythical creature). The other style of rabbits exhibits Hu’s innovative style, and includes stylistic elements. Among these rabbits, diverging a little from its traditional look, he substitutes the majestic rabbit for a cartoonish figure, giving it a cute and playful look, a curved mouth, and grinning face. Instead of riding some animal, they have many other cute poses, making them more attractive to children.
这是“平日不烧香，临难抱佛脚”的奇例，当然更有常年以来，坚持焚拜供奉的。如原河北省委书记周本顺，倒是“虔诚”，多处豪宅，处处摆着佛堂，每逢初一十五，都按时烧香拜佛。周书记出去，见佛就拜，进庙就捐，家里养的一只乌龟死了，还专门为它手抄经文，连同“神龟”一起隆重落葬呢。又如原四川省委副书记李春城，因为嫌升迁还不快，不仅将家里老坟从东北迁到都江堰“福地”，还在成都新天府广场修建时特地建了“太极图”，据说可以有“神助”。再如原深圳市委政法委书记蒋尊玉，那可是个“信徒”啊，私宅千平，供着几十尊神佛，间间烧着高香，只是搜遍全屋，只有一本小书，还是我佛不齿的“儿童不宜”呢！
Another area of work that Hu has continued is holding classes in high schools and elementary schools, teaching the culture and history of the Rabbit God handcraft. Hu’s company also hosts activities for children. He hopes that more children can learn more about the Rabbit God craft, thus passing on the aesthetics, manufacturing skill, and folk beliefs represented by this ancient figurine.
Hu Pengfei is making Rabbit God clay figurines in his studio in Beijing.
Out of respect for the Rabbit God, people called the act of buying a Rabbit God figurine, “inviting the Rabbit God home.” On the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival, families had dinner together and then waited for the moon to appear. When the moon appeared, women of the family conducted a moon worship ceremony. A table was set up in the southeast corner of the courtyard, on which candles, moon cakes and fruits were arranged, and most important of all, the honorable figurine of the Rabbit God was placed. After the ceremony was completed, the family ate the fruits and cakes, and the Rabbit God figurine became a toy for the children.
压力传感器。由于表压传感器更通用且比绝压传感器容易标定，在压力高于0.15MPa时，推荐选用表压传感器；当压力低于0.15MPa，推荐选用绝压传感器［2］。
Due to the fact that the figurines were made from clay, they were very fragile and easily broken. And even if they did not fall apart on their own, every year before the Chinese New Year’s Day came, it would be intentionally smashed, to symbolify getting rid of all the negativity and ailments of the previous year and bringing good health for the coming year. Then, before the following Mid-Autumn Festival,people would once again “invite” a new statue of the Rabbit God into their homes. Since the rabbit figurine symbolized good wishes of the people,with the passing of time, it became a token of happiness.
A New Image
For a period before the 1980s, dissemination of traditional Chinese culture including folk customs and traditional handcrafts came to a standstill.Later, after reform and opening-up began, it all came back.
After the revival of Chinese traditional handcrafts,experienced artisans returned to their old jobs. As a result, the art of making Rabbit God figurines also revived, and once again they were seen in Beijing’s stores. The rabbit figurine displays strength and confidence. Having such exquisite details, and being a symbol of luck and good fortune, it evokes childhood memories of the elderly and sparks the curiosity of children. The presence of the Rabbit God at traditional temple is warmly welcomed by everyone. It was after the return of the Rabbit God that the eyes of a young man from Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, lit up with the possibility to seize a potentially lucrative business opportunity.
Fengxiang is also home to the handcraft of traditional Chinese figurines. It was there that a young man named Hu Pengfei fell in love with making clay figures, and at the age of 19 decided to come to Beijing to realize his life’s dreams.
Out of respect for the Rabbit God, people called the act of buying a Rabbit God figurine,“inviting the Rabbit God home.”
During the Mid-Autumn Festival of 2008, several of Hu’s works of the Rabbit God were put on display at the temple fair at the Dongyue Temple. Hu’s rabbits were arranged on a shelf several meters high(called Rabbit God mountain by Beijingers),some riding tigers, some riding horses, some wearing armor, and some carrying the Chinese character of blessing. They attracted passersby with their long ears, cute features, and charming appearance. Within a few days, all the rabbit figurines were “invited home” (sold out).At the end of that year, the “mountain”of Rabbit God also made an appearance at the book fair at the Temple of Earth and the temple fair during the Spring Festival, and were appreciated by the attending crowds.
分类汇总并处理两组患者的各项记录数据,采取统计学软件SPSS19.0对进行分析和处理,计数资料采取率(%)表示,用平均值±标准差(±s)表示计量资料,采取x2检验(或者采用T检验)表示组间率对比;对比以P<0.05为有显著性差异和统计学意义。
Many tourists traveling through Beijing often purchase clay Rabbit God figurines as souvenirs.It represents Beijing as well as brings one good luck. Some young people who weren’t familiar with the Rabbit God began to do research on its background, history, and cultural significance. Others found a new way to interpret it and gave it new meaning. As a result, the clay rabbit has continued to increase in popularity and number, becoming the brand ambassador of Beijing.
Passing on the Handcraft in Innovations
Hu has a studio which is divided into a working area and a product display area. In the display area,Rabbit God figurines and products with the image of the Rabbit God are displayed. In the middle of the room there is long table with colored paints and unfinished figurines on it. If visitors that come to the shop are interested, they can try their hand at painting one themselves.
Beijing Rabbit God figurines are traditionally made from clay. Some are made with molds, while others are handmade. According to ancient records,every year during the Mid-Autumn Festival, people in the city made ornate rabbit figures with loess and sold them. Some are clothed with fine attire, while others are painted wearing armor, riding tigers, or sitting. The larger sized figures can reach a height of three feet, while the smallest can even be less than one foot in height.
Hu made up his mind that his future would be in Beijing. Starting with an office with a few partners, his company soon developed into a factory with several hundred workers,including a core team of professionals in charge of designing, marketing, and R&D of products. In addition to this, he also registered a trademark of Jitufang(literally meaning lucky rabbit workshop), turning the legendary clay rabbit god handcraft into an offi-cial brand. By doing this, he was also able to take this craft beyond Beijing.
In traditional Chinese culture,the Rabbit God is a symbol of good luck and happiness.
The clay Rabbit God figurine is one of the symbols of Beijing folk culture of the Mid-Autumn Festival,exhibiting the special creativity of folk artisans.
According to Hu, if folk art wants to stay alive, it must be innovative. “Our innovativeness includes two aspects: the first is design, as you can see from many of our new designs on display here; the second is in the sphere of crafting techniques.” Picking up a figurine, he said, “Even though they are made from clay, learning from Fengxiang clay handcraft,we added cotton into clay composition. In this way,the clay will not break so easily in the sculpturing process, and will be even stronger after being dried in the sunlight. We have also made some changes in the hand painting process to make the color last longer.” Hu has a relatively young team, with an average age of below 35 years. Understanding the likes of the younger generation and their aesthetics, the young team can design products that are more attractive to young people.
Hu’s business operation model is also different from that of traditional artisans. According to Hu,“Folk handicraft products are commodities, and in order to have vitality, they must have a market.”Based on this business ideology, Hu registered the trademark of “Jitufang,” and applied for patent protection for his company’s Rabbit God figurine images. “Of course the traditional implied meaning of good luck and peace represented by the Rabbit God and its cultural connotations will not change. These elements we will always maintain.”
该项目旨在建立冻融循环条件下岩土体灾变孕育及控制理论，开发环境友好型金属矿山安全开采及固废处置技术，研发矿山开采安全预警与通风、无轨运输安全保障技术及装备，建立矿山人机功效评价体系和标准，形成高海拔寒区金属矿产资源安全高效开采及灾害防治理论体系，开发成套技术与装备，开展应用示范工程，提升我国高海拔寒区金属矿山高效开采的安全水平。
During the period from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the time of the Republic of China (1912-1949)there were many workshops in Beijing that made and sold various styles of the Rabbit God figurines.About the time that the Mid-Autumn Festival was approaching, booths would be set up lining both sides of the streets in major business districts selling Rabbit God figurines of all sizes.
The clay Rabbit God figurine is one of the symbols of Beijing folk culture of the Mid-Autumn Festival, exhibiting the special creativity of folk artisans and the optimistic and humorous disposition of Beijingers, who added this endearing and joyous element to the festival that represents reunion.
The Implied Meanings of the Rabbit God Riding Different Animals:
· Rabbit God sitting on a white elephant: the Chinese character for elephant has the same phonetic sound with the character for luck, so it carries the meaning of good luck.
· Rabbit God sitting on a yellow tiger: since the tiger is considered the king of beasts, it implies the meaning of flourishing business and extensive connections with people.
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· Rabbit God sitting on a Qilin: It’s said the mythical creature appeared at the gate of the house of Confucius’ parents the day before he was born, and spewed out a book with the lines predicting the birth of a sage. This design hence has the meaning of extensive knowledge and academic success.
· Rabbit God sitting on a gourd: the Chinese word for“gourd” sounds similar to that for good fortune and high official ranking. This design hence expresses the wish of good luck and professional success.
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