The author is an op-ed contributor to Beijing Review and a senior researcher on international studies
Recently, historical disputes between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan have spilled over into the technology and trade areas. Japan tightened restrictions on the export of three materials used in hi-tech equipment to the ROK, which inf licted great damage on the country's enterprises.
传统的设计思维是根据用户的不同角色设计不同功能，这在一定程度上造成了功能的重用和代码的冗余。而这次的高校宿舍管理系统的设计是主要围绕四个大功能模块对三个不同角色的用户设置不同的权限，如图1所示。
Japan's move echoed U.S. curbs against China's telecommunications enterprise Huawei. It not only posed a severe threat to the cooperation with the ROK but also brought challenges to regional collaboration. More to the point, it put added pressure on the world's free trade system.
But why did this situation suddenly emerge? In reality, the development of the East Asian region has never shaken off the historical burdens of World War II (WWII).The recent tension between Japan and the ROK reminded regional countries that their future growth hinges on the settlement of historical disputes.
Historical grievances
These complex issues have long disturbed ties between Japan and the ROK. Although the U.S. and Japan have promoted value diplomacy to contain China, Japan and the ROK have always been at odds on historical matters.
掀开一个黑色遮阳网，栽培香菇的大棚里幽暗而湿润，矮矮的菇木密密排列着，鲜嫩的香菇就在这些菇木上静静生长，如同童话故事里小精灵的村庄。
In fact, amid the recent Japan-ROK tension, the U.S. poured oil on the f lames.The U.S.-led United Nations Command,established in 1950, allegedly pushed to include Japan—the previous suzerain of the Korean Peninsula—in its ranks, which would pave the way for Japan's military involvement in any armed conflict on the peninsula. This move was a subversion of the international order after WWII and a rejection of the anti-fascist nature of the war.
Japan, which claims it's a modern,democratic and free country, should understand this logic very well. However, it has always insisted on solving issues of people's compensation claims through governmental negotiations while ignoring citizens' personal rights. Guided by this logic, Japan and the ROK signed an “ultimate and irreversible” agreement in December 2015, which was widely opposed by ROK residents because they saw it as breaching citizens' rights. Japan intended to solve the dispute through this agreement, but instead only intensif ied tensions.
Although issues such as forced labor and the use of “comfort women”—girls or women forced into sex slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army—happened during the war, their compensation should be separated from war reparations. Firstly,these practices violated the basic and common rules and laws of modern countries.Secondly, these violations of human rights were avoidable. Moreover, based on prevailing international practice in modern society and relevant laws, a country cannot deprive its citizens of their right to defend their interests in the international arena.
Japan asserted that claims for compensation, including the forced labor issue,were “already settled” in the Agreement Between Japan and the Republic of Korea Concerning the Settlement of Problems in Regard to Property and Claims and Economic Cooperation signed in 1965,when the two sides restored diplomatic ties. In contrast, the ROK held that this treaty did not terminate citizens' right to claim compensation.
The Japanese Government's whitewashing of history is the deeper reason behind the aggravated tension between Japan and the ROK. The Shinzo Abe administration of Japan, which has always claimed to hold the banner of democracy, freedom and human rights, tried to whitewash Japan's crimes against humanity committed during WWII. On the one hand, Japan rejected the demand for compensation for forced labor by citing the agreement reached with the ROK; on the other hand, Japan adopted historical revisionism, which denies and distorts historical truths, adding insult to injury for those who suffered under its occupation during the war.
These deeds angered victims and stimulated them to seek compensation through legal measures. The thrust of compensation claims was to make Japan admit to and apologize for its historical crimes.However, the Japanese Government refused to comply. Finally, the ROK court reacted by ruling in a way that was unacceptable to the Japanese side.
樟树一声不吭，没有透露半点消息。哪像人，装了半桶水就晃荡得满世界咣当咣当。树厚重、人浅薄，树与人本是两种完全不同的物种。因此，人如果以为自己彻底明了一棵树的心思，进而想做成知己，似乎是人的一厢情愿。树在某一瞬间，收容了人的一些思绪，更或者，人竟在树下顿悟了。但这一切，皆是人的事情。果真只是人的事情吗？我心里又存着疑问。世上的事本无定论，我不是树，焉知树的心思与喜乐？它生长在大地上，熟知的是山是水是草，是行人是牲畜是庄稼，虽然这棵樟树见多识广，但我相信，听诗的体验于它还是第一次。它活了那么久，或许就是等待着这场诗会的到来也未可知呢。
After the Cold War, reconciliation was widely reached among East Asian countries, with peace and development becoming the dominant trend. However,the U.S. moved against this trend. It strengthened strategic deployment in the Asian and Pacif ic military front and adopted a differentiation policy. Dominating Asia through Asian countries became its fundamental Asian and Pacific policy, under which the U.S. now peddles its Indo-Pacif ic strategy.
The role of the U.S.
It is clear that U.S. policy, which focuses on maintaining its hegemony in the region,is the root cause of the current turmoil in Asia, and it may continue.
Japan's historical revisionism also harmed its ties with China and other East Asian countries. It has had a negative effect on the solidarity and common development of East Asia. Therefore, whether Japan can shake off the shadow of imperialism is an important factor for regional growth.
As a matter of fact, the dispute between the ROK and Japan is a result of the U.S. policy in the region, which intends to dominate Asia by controlling Asian countries after the Cold War.
Those who were forced into sex slavery by the Japanese militarists attend a rally in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul,the Republic of Korea, on March 1, 2017
Occupation, slavery and expansion have been the methods used by empires to gain inf luence since the Roman Empire.For example, the UK exploited Indians to expand its inf luence in other Asian regions after it occupied India. After WWII, the U.S.appeared to play the role of protector for some Asian countries, yet it gradually dominated the military and diplomatic affairs of its allies through this so-called protection.
（2）参与性 共享型生活服务平台依托信息技术整合社区资源信息，消费者更易获得社区商业产品及其促销信息，并因在同一社区更易于主体要素间以线上线下两种方式实现互动。社区居民还可通过平台注册成为快递员，利用闲暇时间在自己熟悉的社区中进行配送。
The U.S. relied on Japan, establishing several military bases there to maintain its military presence in Asia. Since the Cold War, it has consolidated its alliance with Japan to turn it into a bridgehead to control Asia. To this end, the U.S. adopted a supportive policy toward Japan's rightwing conservative forces and held a tolerant attitude toward Japan's historical revisionism. It also advanced Japan's militarization and promoted U.S.-Japan military cooperation. The U.S. actually indulged Japan's unreasonable attitude toward history, encouraging it to deal unscrupulously with its past.
An ROK Supreme Court ruling last November ordered a Japanese company to compensate Koreans who were forced into labor during WWII, which was rejected by the Japanese Government. The ROK high court responded by ordering the seizure of the assets of Japanese enterprises in the ROK.
As the common ally of Japan and the ROK,the U.S. has been promoting a military alliance among the three countries. The tension between the ROK and Japan has clearly impeded the U.S. plan. But why didn't the U.S. effectively mediate between its two allies?
Base for lasting peace
East Asia could be the center of the world economy in the future with its great growth potential, based on its enormous population, giant productivity and huge consumption market. After the Cold War,East Asia's sustainable and fast growth relied much on regional peace and stability.
五是要有强壮的身体。磨杵是个力气活，又是在野外，可能腰酸，可能背痛，可能刮风，可能下雨，可能阳光暴晒，可能寒风劲吹。一般的老太太，肯定干不了。
这虽是一则寓言，却隐喻了父母对孩子是接纳还是排斥的态度，如何影响着孩子的人生。这个“犄角”，可以是孩子的左撇子、不够好看的外表、音乐的天赋等等。它们需要被呵护，而不是被压制、被掰正。心理学家武志红说：“所谓无条件接纳，就是对孩子满心的喜欢。”这个喜欢和爱不同，是一种建立在父母健康自尊之上的智慧，是切实做到了，跨越美丑胖瘦，智商高低之上的一种发自内心的欣赏，是将孩子当做一座宝藏，去源源不断地发掘出他的魅力。
In the past, East Asian countries have tried to achieve regional economic growth through political communication and promote political trust through economic development within the region. Based on the benign interaction between political and economic advancement, they believed there would be lasting peace, stability and prosperity in the region.
However, backed by the U.S. in recent years, an old imperial logic is haunting East Asia. According to this rationale, common development under a free trade system is interpreted as cutthroat competition; the industrial chains, which evolved after years of free trade, are being used as a weapon to curb other countries' growth; and economic interdependence is exploited to bully competitors. Japan is not only imitating U.S. trade practices, but also showing an inward imperial logic, which poses a threat to Japan-ROK ties and the peace and prosperity of East Asia.
If the f irst stage of globalization was the expansion of Western empires and the second was the popularization of the market economy, then the third phase should be the realization of common security. Without common security, globalization cannot move forward. Therefore, countries must break through the constraints of historical bottlenecks and Western imperial narrative rules, and strive to build a community with a shared future for humanity. ■
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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