Beijing steps up efforts to build green lungs with mini parks
A visitor takes photos at the Temple of Heaven in downtown Beijing on May 15
Zhu Jianguo showed up at the community park unfailingly at 6 a.m.,accompanied by his little dog Zhongqiu.He is a regular at the park and these little jaunts are his lifeline.
Ten years ago, Zhu moved to Beijing from Tianshui, northwest China’s Gansu Province. He lived with his daughter but felt lonely, because she was often away. This lasted until a mini park opened nearby. The 870-square-meter Xishiku Pocket Park opened in 2018.
“I feel better now,” Zhu said. “I used to be lonely as I am not familiar with the city and had no friends here.”
His morning walks helped him make friends in the community. They meet at the park, chat and do tai chi together. Zhu said the park is now a place for elderly people like him to make new friends. He likes it best in the morning when children come out to play and the park comes alive.
在怀着“以天下为己任”的政治思想与价值观念进入仕途的官僚士大夫的心目中，能够不受职守所拘，直接施展其抱负的官职，唯有数宰执和台谏。对此，欧阳修的表述最为明快：“若天下之失得，生民之利害，社会之大计，唯所见闻而不系职司者，独宰相可行之，谏官可言之尔。……宰相谏官系天下之事，亦任天下之责。”［4］98-99
For example, in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the site of Xishiku Park was a warehouse serving the royal family. This history has been introduced to visitors. This is a good attempt to integrate the park into the cultural atmosphere of Shichahai.
Urban lungs
She also said the history of the local area should be embodied in these parks.
In the central commercial districts and old areas in the capital, where there is a high density of buildings as well as people, it is a huge challenge to create new parks. An advantage of mini parks is that they are “flexible.” They can be in various shapes according to their location,providing diverse services.
(5)在进行易发性评价时还有其他很多种方法，如BP神经网络法、趋势面分析法、模糊综合评判法和Logistic回归分析法等，在今后的研究中可以采取不同评价方法同时进行评价，综合对比分析优选出更合理的评价结果。
These parks contribute to a better environment. The triangular Xishiku Park used to be the parking lot of a hospital. Since the space turned into a park, the thick traffic has eased.
Mini parks do the work of urban parks for those who live far away from the latter. People can easily stroll over to mini parks built on their streets or in their communities, where they can exercise and enjoy the scenery. For instance, at Xishiku Park, despite limited land, many trees have been planted, including gingkoes, magnolias and cherry-apple trees. These parks expand the green space of the city and improve the urban landscape and living environment.
Also, with the mini parks, people can be more than visitors. They can participate in the construction and management. Recently, residents in Sanmiao Community in west Beijing,for instance, are planning a small garden on their own. The site they have chosen was originally an abandoned shed that posed safety hazards and was dismantled in 2017. After the community decided to turn the area into a garden park, they called a meeting to discuss people’s requirements.
本次研究结果显示，1036例中老年糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症，病程≥10年的患者中伴有不同程度脑动脉狭窄病变的939例，阳性率91.64%，行CTA检查诊断检出率为98.41%，MRI结合MRA在诊断海绵状血管瘤及静脉发育畸形准确率要高于CTA，见表1、表2。
At the first meeting on January 11, the participants had a vote to decide the functions of the park. By the fifth meeting on March 2, they had made architectural models under the suggestion of a professional team.
Depending on their locations, some parks may have sightseeing facilities for tourists, while local residents need parks with fitness facilities and resting areas.
Keeping history alive
Besides serving the public and protecting the ecology, mini parks can display local culture,acting as windows to a city, Liu said. To this end, mini parks are often built near historical sites. The parks planned in these areas have to be harmonious in design and highlight the local landscape and culture while ensuring that the historical buildings are not damaged
For instance, Xishiku Park is located in the Shichahai area, a block with the largest area under cultural conservation in Beijing. In 2002, 25 historical areas in Beijing’s old city came under conservation, and the Shichahai area is one of them. So parks planned in this area have to be harmonious in design and highlight the local landscape and culture while ensuring that the historical buildings are not damaged.
Liu suggested that the materials used in the construction of these parks should have traditional and local cultural features.
“The mini parks scattered citywide are less than 1,000 square meters of green space each,” said Liu Xiaomei, a senior urban planner with the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design.
The construction of pocket or mini parks has given Beijing more greenery as well as a place where residents can come out for fresh air, socializing and other activities.
An urban forest park in Beijing on April 7
Besides Xishiku Park, four more parks were built in 2018 in the Shichahai area. Their total area is over 3,000 square meters. Besides this, a 6,000-meter footpath was built, as well as Xihai Wetland Park.
生态环境保护面临一定困难和挑战，存在许多不足。一些地方和部门对生态环境保护认识不到位，责任落实不到位；经济社会发展同生态环境保护的矛盾仍然突出，资源环境承载能力已经达到或接近上限；城乡区域统筹不够，新老环境问题交织，区域性、布局性、结构性环境风险凸显。当前，生态文明建设正处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期，已进入提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要的攻坚期，也到了有条件有能力解决突出生态环境问题的窗口期。
该项目渣锁斗阀的液压系统采用“一拖六”的技术方案，即1套煤气化的6台液动渣锁斗阀共用1台油站，该液压系统结构如图2所示。
The maintenance of some parks also involves volunteers, who take responsibility for protecting the trees and flowers. Liu said residents’ participation in managing the parks can reduce the financial as well as manpower pressure on the government. “With such parks increasing in numbers, other sectors in society should be encouraged to take part in the management,” she said.
Parks designed for both tourists and locals can be turned into theme parks, meeting both recreational and tourism requirements.“We hope the parks can reflect the style of the old town as much as possible,” Liang Fei, a Shichahai community of ficial, told Xinhua News Agency.
利用电影自身内容和名字、结合上映档期，最终精准挖掘到“跨年吻”这一票房灵药的宣传点，《地球》广泛击中了当下城市年轻族群的心理，并占尽同期缺乏强竞争力影片上映的优势，排片率一枝独秀，最终创造堪比春节档大片的预售成绩。虽然其他文艺片未必有这样的档期优势，但让宣发费用不足的小众电影被更多观众看到，除了分线发行、路演助推、走长线口碑逆跌等方式，或许如何挖掘普通观众深层次心理需求，进而扩大营销，而不是精英式自嗨，才是最值得借鉴之处。
Renovating existing parks is another way to create mini parks, which can better protect the cultural relics they house, as well as invaluable old trees.
Green vision
Liu said different kinds of small parks have been created in Beijing, such as garage parks, where an underground parking lot is turned into a green space, and rooftop parks.
“They are a concept of high-quality development and a better lifestyle,” she said. “The target to build Beijing into a national forest city will be reached by 2025.”
2017年广西全区国内生产总值(GDP)仅为20396.25亿元，全区财政收入仅为2604.21亿元，面对特色小镇建设庞大的资金需求，财政资金支持捉襟见肘。这就要求广西应从自身实际出发，充分利用金融利器，创新投融资模式，开拓多层次投融资渠道。目前，广西特色小镇建设面临如下投融资问题。
In 2018, Beijing started phasing out noncapital functions, including manufacturing plants, logistics companies, and wholesale markets out of the city, to increase the capital’s green space and public service facilities.Illegal buildings were demolished, shantytowns renovated, and 121 new mini parks built.
The greening work has been augmented with 20 urban forests built in four districts and 28 city parks created citywide. This year, more leisure space will be provided as 31 new parks are built, as well as 13 urban forests. Small plots in urban areas will be effectively utilized as 50 new mini parks.
Beijing is also focusing on afforestation on 600 hectares of urban land. Apart from mini parks, 8.37 hectares of urban green space were developed in Xicheng District last year. It is estimated that by the end of 2019, the city’s forest coverage will reach 44 percent, with the urban green coverage nearly 49 percent. As a result,per-capita public green area will be more than 16 square meters. ■
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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